AΩ Summer Greek 2003 Croy Lesson 15 Fall Greek 1.210

Principal Parts Present Active (Deponent) Future Active (Deponent) Aorist Active (Deponent) Perfect Active Perfect M/P Aorist Passive Present Active & M/P/D Imperfect Active & M/P/D Future Active and M/D Aorist Active and M/D Perfect and Pluperfect Active Perfect and Pluperfect M/P Aorist Passive & Future Passive σ ῴ ζω γ ί νομαι σ ώ σω γεν ή σομαι ἔ σωσα ἐ γεν ό μην σ έ σωκα γ έ γονα σ έ σωσμαι γεγ έ νημαι ἐ σ ώ θην ἐ γεν ή θην

Greek Perfect Tense The Greek Perfect denotes an action completed in the past, but the focus is on its result or continued status into the present. What did you do yesterday? I was studying Greek. (IMPERFECT) Why do you look so tired? I have been studying Greek. << PERFECT

Greek Perfect Tense The Greek Perfect denotes an action completed in the past, but the focus is on its result or continued status into the present. Colossians 1.16 … for in [Christ] all things in heaven and on earth were created [Aorist] … … all things have been created [Perfect] through him and for him.

Greek Perfect Tense The Greek Perfect denotes an action completed in the past, but the focus is on its result or continued status into the present. Do you know Greek? Well, … I have studied Greek. I have studied Greek. What would you like to know? << PERFECT

Greek Verb Formation ΑugRedpSTEMTenseThemeEnding PRES ACT --STEM--o/εPrimAct PRES M/P/D--STEM--o/εPrimMP IMPF ACTἐSTEM--o/εSecAct ΙΜPF M/P ἐSTEM--o/εSecMP FUT ACT--STEMσo/ε PrimAct FUT M/D--STEMσo/ε PrimMP 1AOR ACTἐSTEMσα/α --SecAct 1AOR M/DἐSTEMσα/α --SecMP 1ΑΟR PASSἐSTEMθη--SecAct 2ΑΟR ACTἐ*STEM--o/εSecAct 2AOR M/D ἐ*STEM--o/εSecMP 2ΑΟR PASSἐ*STEMη--SecAct 2ΑΟR PASSἐ*STEMη --SecAct

Greek Verb Formation ΑugRedpSTEMTenseThemeEnding PRES ACT --STEM--o/εPrimAct PRES M/P/D--STEM--o/εPrimMP IMPF ACTἐSTEM--o/εSecAct ΙΜPF M/P ἐSTEM--o/εSecMP FUT ACT--STEMσo/ε PrimAct FUT M/D--STEMσo/ε PrimMP 1AOR ACTἐSTEMσα/α --SecAct 1AOR M/DἐSTEMσα/α --SecMP 1ΑΟR PASSἐSTEMθη--SecAct 2ΑΟR ACTἐ*STEM--o/εSecAct 2AOR M/D ἐ*STEM--o/εSecMP 2ΑΟR PASSἐ*STEMη--SecAct 2ΑΟR PASSἐ*STEMη --SecAct PERF ACT--STEM κα / α --PrimAct PERF ACT--XSTEM κα / α --PrimAct

Greek Verbs PERFECT ACTIVE INDICATIVE PERFECT ACTIVE INDICATIVE SingularPlural 1 st λυ λύλύλύλύ 2 nd λυ λύλύλύλύ 3 rd λυ λύλύλύλύ Start with the stem

Greek Verbs PERFECT ACTIVE INDICATIVE PERFECT ACTIVE INDICATIVE SingularPlural 1 st λ έ λυ λελ ύ 2 nd λ έ λυ λελ ύ 3 rd λ έ λυ λελ ύ Reduplicate the first letter

Greek Verbs PERFECT ACTIVE INDICATIVE PERFECT ACTIVE INDICATIVE SingularPlural 1 st λ έ λυκα λελ ύ κα 2 nd λ έ λυκα λελ ύ κα 3 rd λ έ λυκα λελ ύ κα Add the κα tense code

Greek Verbs PERFECT ACTIVE INDICATIVE PERFECT ACTIVE INDICATIVE SingularPlural 1 st λ έ λυκα λελ ύ καμεν 2 nd λ έ λυκας λελ ύ κατε 3 rd λ έ λυκε(ν) λελ ύ κασι(ν) or –καν Add the Primary Active Endings

Greek Verb Formation ΑugRedpSTEMTenseThemeEnding PRES ACT --STEM--o/εPrimAct PRES M/P/D--STEM--o/εPrimMP IMPF ACTἐSTEM--o/εSecAct ΙΜPF M/P ἐSTEM--o/εSecMP FUT ACT--STEMσo/ε PrimAct FUT M/D--STEMσo/ε PrimMP 1AOR ACTἐSTEMσα/α --SecAct 1AOR M/DἐSTEMσα/α --SecMP 1ΑΟR PASSἐSTEMθη--SecAct 2ΑΟR ACTἐ*STEM--o/εSecAct 2AOR M/D ἐ*STEM--o/εSecMP 2ΑΟR PASSἐ*STEMη--SecAct 2ΑΟR PASSἐ*STEMη --SecAct PERF ACT--STEM κα / α --PrimAct PERF ACT--XSTEM κα / α --PrimAct PERF MPD--STEM -- --PrimMP PERF MPD--XSTEM -- --PrimMP

Greek Verbs PERFECT MIDDLE/PASSIVE INDICATIVE PERFECT MIDDLE/PASSIVE INDICATIVE SingularPlural 1 st λυ λύλύλύλύ 2 nd λυ λύλύλύλύ 3 rd λυ λύλύλύλύ Start with the stem

Greek Verbs PERFECT MIDDLE/PASSIVE INDICATIVE PERFECT MIDDLE/PASSIVE INDICATIVE SingularPlural 1 st λ έ λυ λελ ύ 2 nd λ έ λυ λελ ύ 3 rd λ έ λυ λελ ύ Reduplicate the first letter

Greek Verbs PERFECT MIDDLE/PASSIVE INDICATIVE PERFECT MIDDLE/PASSIVE INDICATIVE SingularPlural 1 st λ έ λυμαι λελ ύ μεθα 2 nd λ έ λυσαι λ έ λυσθε 3 rd λ έ λυται λ έ λυνται Add the Primary Mid/Pass Endings directly to the STEM

Greek Verbs PERFECT MIDDLE/PASSIVE INDICATIVE PERFECT MIDDLE/PASSIVE INDICATIVE SingularPlural 1 st πεπεισμαι πεπεισμεθα 2 nd 3 rd γεγραπται Be aware of contractions with the Stem and endings

Greek Pluperfect Tense The Greek Pluperfect denotes an action completed prior to some point in the past, with the focus on its result or continued status up to that point. (It’s like a ‘past’ tense of the Perfect.) I had studied Greek when I was a child.

Greek Verb Formation ΑugRedpSTEMTenseThemeEnding PRES ACT --STEM--o/εPrimAct PRES M/P/D--STEM--o/εPrimMP IMPF ACTἐSTEM--o/εSecAct ΙΜPF M/P ἐSTEM--o/εSecMP FUT ACT--STEMσo/ε PrimAct FUT M/D--STEMσo/ε PrimMP 1AOR ACTἐSTEMσα/α --SecAct 1AOR M/DἐSTEMσα/α --SecMP 1ΑΟR PASSἐSTEMθη--SecAct 2ΑΟR ACTἐ*STEM--o/εSecAct 2AOR M/D ἐ*STEM--o/εSecMP 2ΑΟR PASSἐ*STEMη--SecAct 2ΑΟR PASSἐ*STEMη --SecAct PERF ACT--STEM κα / α --PrimAct PERF ACT--XSTEM κα / α --PrimAct PERF MPD--STEM -- --PrimMP PERF MPD--XSTEM -- --PrimMP PLPF ACT ( ἐ) STEM κει / ει --SecAct PLPF ACT ( ἐ) XSTEM κει / ει --SecAct

Greek Verbs PLUPERFECT ACTIVE INDICATIVE PLUPERFECT ACTIVE INDICATIVE SingularPlural 1 st λυ λύλύλύλύ 2 nd λυ λύλύλύλύ 3 rd λυ λύλύλύλύ Start with the stem

Greek Verbs PLUPERFECT ACTIVE INDICATIVE PLUPERFECT ACTIVE INDICATIVE SingularPlural 1 st λ έ λυ λελ ύ 2 nd λ έ λυ λελ ύ 3 rd λ έ λυ λελ ύ Reduplicate the first letter

Greek Verbs PLUPERFECT ACTIVE INDICATIVE PLUPERFECT ACTIVE INDICATIVE SingularPlural 1 st ἐ λ έ λυ ἐ λελ ύ 2 nd ἐ λ έ λυ ἐ λελ ύ 3 rd ἐ λ έ λυ ἐ λελ ύ Add the ἐ augment (usually)

Greek Verbs PLUPERFECT ACTIVE INDICATIVE PLUPERFECT ACTIVE INDICATIVE SingularPlural 1 st ἐ λ έ λυκει ἐ λελ ύ κει 2 nd ἐ λ έ λυκει ἐ λελ ύ κει 3 rd ἐ λ έ λυκει ἐ λελ ύ κει Add the κει tense code

Greek Verbs PLUPERFECT ACTIVE INDICATIVE PLUPERFECT ACTIVE INDICATIVE SingularPlural 1 st ἐ λ έ λυκειν ἐ λελ ύ κειμεν 2 nd ἐ λ έ λυκεις ἐ λελ ύ κειτε 3 rd ἐ λ έ λυκει ἐ λελ ύ κεισαν Add the Secondary Active endings

Greek Verb Formation ΑugRedpSTEMTenseThemeEnding PRES ACT --STEM--o/εPrimAct PRES M/P/D--STEM--o/εPrimMP IMPF ACTἐSTEM--o/εSecAct ΙΜPF M/P ἐSTEM--o/εSecMP FUT ACT--STEMσo/ε PrimAct FUT M/D--STEMσo/ε PrimMP 1AOR ACTἐSTEMσα/α --SecAct 1AOR M/DἐSTEMσα/α --SecMP 1ΑΟR PASSἐSTEMθη--SecAct 2ΑΟR ACTἐ*STEM--o/εSecAct 2AOR M/D ἐ*STEM--o/εSecMP 2ΑΟR PASSἐ*STEMη--SecAct 2ΑΟR PASSἐ*STEMη --SecAct PERF ACT--STEM κα / α --PrimAct PERF ACT--XSTEM κα / α --PrimAct PERF MPD--STEM -- --PrimMP PERF MPD--XSTEM -- --PrimMP PLPF ACT ( ἐ) STEM κει / ει --SecAct PLPF ACT ( ἐ) XSTEM κει / ει --SecAct PLPF M/P (ἐ) STEM -- --SecMP PLPF M/P (ἐ) XSTEM -- --SecMP

Greek Verbs PLUPERFECT ΜIDDLE/PASSIVE INDICATIVE PLUPERFECT ΜIDDLE/PASSIVE INDICATIVE SingularPlural 1 st λυ λύλύλύλύ 2 nd λυ λύλύλύλύ 3 rd λυ λύλύλύλύ Start with the stem ONLY OCCURS 7 TIMES IN THE NT

Greek Verbs PLUPERFECT ΜIDDLE/PASSIVE INDICATIVE PLUPERFECT ΜIDDLE/PASSIVE INDICATIVE SingularPlural 1 st λ έ λυ λελ ύ 2 nd λ έ λυ λελ ύ 3 rd λ έ λυ λελ ύ Reduplicate the first letter

Greek Verbs PLUPERFECT ΜIDDLE/PASSIVE INDICATIVE PLUPERFECT ΜIDDLE/PASSIVE INDICATIVE SingularPlural 1 st ἐ λ έ λυ ἐ λελ ύ 2 nd ἐ λ έ λυ ἐ λελ ύ 3 rd ἐ λ έ λυ ἐ λελ ύ Add the ἐ augment (usually)

Greek Verbs PLUPERFECT ΜIDDLE/PASSIVE INDICATIVE PLUPERFECT ΜIDDLE/PASSIVE INDICATIVE SingularPlural 1 st ἐ λ έ λυμην ἐ λελ ύ μεθα 2 nd ἐ λ έ λυσο ἐ λελ ύ σθε 3 rd ἐ λ έ λυτο ἐ λελ ύ ντο Add the Secondary Middle/Passive endings directly to the STEM

INFINITIVES ActiveMid/Pass/Dep Presentειν σθαι (M/P/D) 1Aoristσαι σθαι (M/D) 2Aoristειν AoristPassive (θη / η) ναι Perfect (κε) ναι σθαι (M/P/D)

PRESENT INFINITIVE PRESENT INFINITIVE λ ύ ειν - λ ύ εσθαι λ ύ ειν - λ ύ εσθαι 1st AORIST INFINITIVE 1st AORIST INFINITIVE λ ῦ σαι – λ ύ σασθαι λ ῦ σαι – λ ύ σασθαι 2 nd AORIST INFINITIVE 2 nd AORIST INFINITIVE λαβε ῖ ν λαβ έ σθαι λαβε ῖ ν – λαβ έ σθαι AORIST PASSIVE INFINITIVE AORIST PASSIVE INFINITIVE λυθῆναι – to be loosened λυθῆναι – to be loosened βληθῆναι – to be thrown βληθῆναι – to be thrown PERFECT ACTIVE INFINITIVE PERFECT ACTIVE INFINITIVE λελυκέναι – to have thrown λελυκέναι – to have thrown PERFECT MIDDLE/PASSIVE/DEPONENT INFINITIVE PERFECT MIDDLE/PASSIVE/DEPONENT INFINITIVE λελυκέσθαι – to have been thrown (pass) λελυκέσθαι – to have been thrown (pass)

PERFECT REDUPLICATION When verb begins with: Most consonants > simple reduplication πεπιστευκα λελυκα Most consonants > simple reduplication πεπιστευκα λελυκα Vowel / diphthong > lengthen the vowel / diphthong ἀ γαπαω> ἠ γαπηκα Vowel / diphthong > lengthen the vowel / diphthong ἀ γαπαω> ἠ γαπηκα Aspirated consonant (φ θ χ) > reduplicated with corresponding unaspirated consonant θεραπευω > τεθεραπευκα φιλεω > πεφιληκα Aspirated consonant (φ θ χ) > reduplicated with corresponding unaspirated consonant θεραπευω > τεθεραπευκα φιλεω > πεφιληκα Double consonant (ψ ζ ξ) or two consonants > reduplicate with ἐ (yes, it looks just like an augment) ζητεω > ἐ ζητηκα σταυροω > ἐ σταυρωμαι Double consonant (ψ ζ ξ) or two consonants > reduplicate with ἐ (yes, it looks just like an augment) ζητεω > ἐ ζητηκα σταυροω > ἐ σταυρωμαι Irregulars: See section 105, page 86f. Irregulars: See section 105, page 86f.

Lesson 15 Vocabulary Vocabulary

Croy 15 - Exercises Do sentences 1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 8 and 12 of Practice and Review Do sentences 1, 2, 4, 6, 7, 8 and 12 of Practice and Review Do NT #4 and 5 Do NT #4 and 5 NO Quiz on Friday NO Quiz on Friday Quiz on Tuesday the 9 th Quiz on Tuesday the 9 th