Fall Greek 2003 Croy Lesson 15.

Slides:

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Μεταγράφημα παρουσίασης:

Fall Greek 2003 Croy Lesson 15

Principal Parts 1 2 3 4 5 6 Present Active (Deponent) Future Active (Deponent) Aorist Active (Deponent) Perfect Active Perfect M/P Aorist Passive Present Active & M/P/D Imperfect Active & M/P/D Future Active and M/D Aorist Active and M/D Perfect and Pluperfect Active Perfect and Pluperfect M/P & Future Passive σῴζω γίνομαι σώσω γενήσομαι ἔσωσα ἐγενόμην σέσωκα γέγονα σέσωσμαι γεγένημαι ἐσώθην ἐγενήθην

Greek Perfect Tense The Greek Perfect denotes an action completed in the past, but the focus is on its result or continued status into the present. What did you do yesterday? I was studying Greek. (IMPERFECT) Why do you look so tired? I have been studying Greek. << PERFECT

Greek Perfect Tense Mark 16.6 NRSV: “You are looking for Jesus of Nazareth, who was crucified. He has been raised; he is not here…. NIV: You are looking for Jesus the Nazarene, who was crucified. He has risen! He is not here. NAS: you are looking for Jesus the Nazarene, who has been crucified. He has risen; He is not here…” GREEK: Ἰησοῦν ζητεῖτε τὸν Ναζαρηνὸν τὸν ἐσταυρωμένον· ἠγέρθη, οὐκ ἔστιν ὧδε·

Greek Verb Formation Αug Redp STEM Tense Theme Ending PRES ACT -- STEM -- o/ε PrimAct PRES M/P/D -- STEM -- o/ε PrimMP IMPF ACT ἐ STEM -- o/ε SecAct ΙΜPF M/P ἐ STEM -- o/ε SecMP FUT ACT -- STEM σ o/ε PrimAct FUT M/D -- STEM σ o/ε PrimMP 1AOR ACT ἐ STEM σα/α -- SecAct 1AOR M/D ἐ STEM σα/α -- SecMP 1ΑΟR PASS ἐ STEM θη -- SecAct 2ΑΟR ACT ἐ *STEM -- o/ε SecAct 2AOR M/D ἐ *STEM -- o/ε SecMP 2ΑΟR PASS ἐ *STEM η -- SecAct

Αug Redp STEM Tense Theme Ending Greek Verb Formation Αug Redp STEM Tense Theme Ending PRES ACT -- STEM -- o/ε PrimAct PRES M/P/D -- STEM -- o/ε PrimMP IMPF ACT ἐ STEM -- o/ε SecAct ΙΜPF M/P ἐ STEM -- o/ε SecMP FUT ACT -- STEM σ o/ε PrimAct FUT M/D -- STEM σ o/ε PrimMP 1AOR ACT ἐ STEM σα/α -- SecAct 1AOR M/D ἐ STEM σα/α -- SecMP 1ΑΟR PASS ἐ STEM θη -- SecAct 2ΑΟR ACT ἐ *STEM -- o/ε SecAct 2AOR M/D ἐ *STEM -- o/ε SecMP 2ΑΟR PASS ἐ *STEM η -- SecAct PERF ACT -- X STEM κα / α -- PrimAct

Greek Verbs PERFECT ACTIVE INDICATIVE λυ λύ Start with the stem Singular Plural 1st λυ λύ 2nd 3rd Start with the stem

Greek Verbs PERFECT ACTIVE INDICATIVE λέλυ λελύ Singular Plural 1st λέλυ λελύ 2nd 3rd Reduplicate the first letter

Greek Verbs PERFECT ACTIVE INDICATIVE λέλυκα λελύκα Singular Plural 1st λέλυκα λελύκα 2nd 3rd Add the κα tense code

Greek Verbs PERFECT ACTIVE INDICATIVE λέλυκα λελύκαμεν λέλυκας Singular Plural 1st λέλυκα λελύκαμεν 2nd λέλυκας λελύκατε 3rd λέλυκε(ν) λελύκασι(ν) or –καν Add the Primary Active Endings

Αug Redp STEM Tense Theme Ending Greek Verb Formation Αug Redp STEM Tense Theme Ending PRES ACT -- STEM -- o/ε PrimAct PRES M/P/D -- STEM -- o/ε PrimMP IMPF ACT ἐ STEM -- o/ε SecAct ΙΜPF M/P ἐ STEM -- o/ε SecMP FUT ACT -- STEM σ o/ε PrimAct FUT M/D -- STEM σ o/ε PrimMP 1AOR ACT ἐ STEM σα/α -- SecAct 1AOR M/D ἐ STEM σα/α -- SecMP 1ΑΟR PASS ἐ STEM θη -- SecAct 2ΑΟR ACT ἐ *STEM -- o/ε SecAct 2AOR M/D ἐ *STEM -- o/ε SecMP 2ΑΟR PASS ἐ *STEM η -- SecAct PERF ACT -- X STEM κα / α -- PrimAct PERF MPD -- X STEM -- -- PrimMP

Greek Verbs PERFECT MIDDLE/PASSIVE INDICATIVE λυ λύ Singular Plural 1st λυ λύ 2nd 3rd Start with the stem

Greek Verbs PERFECT MIDDLE/PASSIVE INDICATIVE λέλυ λελύ Singular Plural 1st λέλυ λελύ 2nd 3rd Reduplicate the first letter

Greek Verbs PERFECT MIDDLE/PASSIVE INDICATIVE λέλυμαι λελύμεθα λέλυσαι Singular Plural 1st λέλυμαι λελύμεθα 2nd λέλυσαι λέλυσθε 3rd λέλυται λέλυνται Add the Primary Mid/Pass Endings directly to the STEM

Be aware of contractions with the Stem and endings Greek Verbs PERFECT MIDDLE/PASSIVE INDICATIVE Singular Plural 1st πεπεισμαι πεπεισμεθα 2nd 3rd γεγραπται Be aware of contractions with the Stem and endings

Greek Pluperfect Tense The Greek Pluperfect denotes an action completed prior to some point in the past, with the focus on its result or continued status up to that point. (It’s like a ‘past’ tense of the Perfect.) I had studied Greek when I was a child.

Αug Redp STEM Tense Theme Ending Greek Verb Formation Αug Redp STEM Tense Theme Ending PRES ACT -- STEM -- o/ε PrimAct PRES M/P/D -- STEM -- o/ε PrimMP IMPF ACT ἐ STEM -- o/ε SecAct ΙΜPF M/P ἐ STEM -- o/ε SecMP FUT ACT -- STEM σ o/ε PrimAct FUT M/D -- STEM σ o/ε PrimMP 1AOR ACT ἐ STEM σα/α -- SecAct 1AOR M/D ἐ STEM σα/α -- SecMP 1ΑΟR PASS ἐ STEM θη -- SecAct 2ΑΟR ACT ἐ *STEM -- o/ε SecAct 2AOR M/D ἐ *STEM -- o/ε SecMP 2ΑΟR PASS ἐ *STEM η -- SecAct PERF ACT -- X STEM κα / α -- PrimAct PERF MPD -- X STEM -- -- PrimMP PLPF ACT (ἐ) X STEM κει / ει -- SecAct

Greek Verbs PLUPERFECT ACTIVE INDICATIVE λυ λύ Start with the stem Singular Plural 1st λυ λύ 2nd 3rd Start with the stem

Greek Verbs PLUPERFECT ACTIVE INDICATIVE λέλυ λελύ Singular Plural 1st λέλυ λελύ 2nd 3rd Reduplicate the first letter

Greek Verbs PLUPERFECT ACTIVE INDICATIVE ἐλέλυ ἐλελύ Singular Plural 1st ἐλέλυ ἐλελύ 2nd 3rd Add the ἐ augment (usually)

Greek Verbs PLUPERFECT ACTIVE INDICATIVE ἐλέλυκει ἐλελύκει Singular Plural 1st ἐλέλυκει ἐλελύκει 2nd 3rd Add the κει tense code

Greek Verbs PLUPERFECT ACTIVE INDICATIVE ἐλέλυκειν ἐλελύκειμεν Singular Plural 1st ἐλέλυκειν ἐλελύκειμεν 2nd ἐλέλυκεις ἐλελύκειτε 3rd ἐλέλυκει ἐλελύκεισαν Add the Secondary Active endings

Αug Redp STEM Tense Theme Ending Greek Verb Formation Αug Redp STEM Tense Theme Ending PRES ACT -- STEM -- o/ε PrimAct PRES M/P/D -- STEM -- o/ε PrimMP IMPF ACT ἐ STEM -- o/ε SecAct ΙΜPF M/P ἐ STEM -- o/ε SecMP FUT ACT -- STEM σ o/ε PrimAct FUT M/D -- STEM σ o/ε PrimMP 1AOR ACT ἐ STEM σα/α -- SecAct 1AOR M/D ἐ STEM σα/α -- SecMP 1ΑΟR PASS ἐ STEM θη -- SecAct 2ΑΟR ACT ἐ *STEM -- o/ε SecAct 2AOR M/D ἐ *STEM -- o/ε SecMP 2ΑΟR PASS ἐ *STEM η -- SecAct PERF ACT -- X STEM κα / α -- PrimAct PERF MPD -- X STEM -- -- PrimMP PLPF ACT (ἐ) X STEM κει / ει -- SecAct PLPF M/P (ἐ) X STEM -- -- SecMP

ONLY OCCURS 7 TIMES IN THE NT Greek Verbs PLUPERFECT ΜIDDLE/PASSIVE INDICATIVE Singular Plural 1st λυ λύ 2nd 3rd ONLY OCCURS 7 TIMES IN THE NT Start with the stem

Greek Verbs PLUPERFECT ΜIDDLE/PASSIVE INDICATIVE λέλυ λελύ Singular Plural 1st λέλυ λελύ 2nd 3rd Reduplicate the first letter

Greek Verbs PLUPERFECT ΜIDDLE/PASSIVE INDICATIVE ἐλέλυ ἐλελύ Singular Plural 1st ἐλέλυ ἐλελύ 2nd 3rd Add the ἐ augment (usually)

Greek Verbs PLUPERFECT ΜIDDLE/PASSIVE INDICATIVE ἐλέλυμην ἐλελύμεθα Singular Plural 1st ἐλέλυμην ἐλελύμεθα 2nd ἐλέλυσο ἐλελύσθε 3rd ἐλέλυτο ἐλελύντο Add the Secondary Middle/Passive endings directly to the STEM

INFINITIVES Active Mid/Pass/Dep Present ειν σθαι (M/P/D) 1Aorist σαι σθαι (M/D) 2Aorist AoristPassive (θη / η) ναι Perfect (κε) ναι

PERFECT ACTIVE INFINITIVE λελυκέναι – to have loosened PRESENT INFINITIVE λύειν - λύεσθαι – to be loosening / to keep on being loosened 1st AORIST INFINITIVE λῦσαι – λύσασθαι – to loosen / to be loosened 2nd AORIST INFINITIVE λαβεῖν – λαβέσθαι – to take / to be taken AORIST PASSIVE INFINITIVE λυθῆναι – to be loosened βληθῆναι – to be thrown PERFECT ACTIVE INFINITIVE λελυκέναι – to have loosened PERFECT MIDDLE/PASSIVE/DEPONENT INFINITIVE λελύσθαι – to have been loosened (passive)

PERFECT REDUPLICATION When verb begins with: Most consonants > simple reduplication πεπιστευκα λελυκα Vowel / diphthong > lengthen the vowel / diphthong ἀγαπαω> ἠγαπηκα Aspirated consonant (φ θ χ) > reduplicated with corresponding unaspirated consonant θεραπευω > τεθεραπευκα φιλεω > πεφιληκα Double consonant (ψ ζ ξ) or two consonants > reduplicate with ἐ (yes, it looks just like an augment) ζητεω > ἐζητηκα σταυροω > ἐσταυρωμαι Irregulars: See section 105, page 86f.

ANALYSIS ἤγγικεν ἐγνώκειτε σέσωκέν προείρηκα ἐξεληλύθει γεγονέναι (for Inf, no Pers/#) PERS 1 2 3 # S P TENSE Pres, Impf, Aor, Fut MOOD Ind Inf VOICE Act Mid Dep Pass TRANS ἤγγικεν ἐγνώκειτε σέσωκέν προείρηκα ἐξεληλύθει γεγονέναι

TENSE Pres, Impf, Aor, Fut, Pf, Plpf ANALYSIS (for Inf, no Pers/#) PERS 1 2 3 # S P TENSE Pres, Impf, Aor, Fut, Pf, Plpf MOOD Ind Inf VOICE Act M D P TRANS ἤγγικεν 3 S Pf IND Act it has drawn near ἐγνώκειτε 2 P Plpf you had known σέσωκέν s/he has saved προείρηκα 1 I have spoken before ἐξεληλύθει s/he had gone out γεγονέναι INF to have become

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