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Class II – 1st Aorist Act/Mid Indicative

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Παρουσίαση με θέμα: "Class II – 1st Aorist Act/Mid Indicative"— Μεταγράφημα παρουσίασης:

1 Class II – 1st Aorist Act/Mid Indicative
LAN 402 Beginning Greek II Class II – 1st Aorist Act/Mid Indicative

2 1st Aorist Act/Mid Indicative
1.1 English Past tense Review: “irregular” I eat my lunch  I ate my lunch “Regular” I clean my desk  I cleaned my desk

3 1st Aorist Act/Mid Indicative
1.2 Greek Aorist 2nd Aorist – English “irregular” 1st Aorist – English “regular” Majority of Greek verbs follow this pattern Whether a verb is1st or 2nd aorist does not affect meaning Aorist = undefined action

4 1st Aorist Act/Mid Indicative
st Aorist Active Formation: Augmt + Aor. act. stem + tense form + sec. act. endgs ἐ λυ σα μεν  ἐλύσαμεν

5 1st Aorist Act/Mid Indicative
Paradigm – 1st Aorist Active indicative: Contract verbs lengthen contract vowel b/f tense formative  ἀγαπάω --- ἠγάπησα 1st Aor. 2nd Aor. Sg. 1 ἔλυσα I loosed ἔλαβον Sg. 2 ἔλυσας You loosed ἔλαβες Sg. 3 ἔλυσε(ν) s/he/it loosed ἔλαβε(ν) Pl. 1 ἐλύσαμεν We loosed ἐλάβομεν Pl. 2 ἐλύσατε ἐλάβετε Pl. 3 ἔλυσαν They loosed

6 1st Aorist Act/Mid Indicative
Stems ending in stop: Review of stops: Labial: πσ, βσ, φσ > ψ Velar: κσ, γσ, χσ > ξ Dental: τσ, δσ, θσ > σ βλέπ + σα  ἔβλεψα βρέχ + σα  ἔβρεξα [I wet] πείθ + σα  ἔπεισα [I persuaded] Few exceptions (mixed/alternative forms): εἶπον – εἶπαν ἦλθον - ἦλθαν [ἤνεγκαν NOT ἤνεγκον]

7 1st Aorist Act/Mid Indicative
Liquid Aorist Active: Formation: Aug. + Aor. Act. Stem + Tense formt + second. Act. End. ἐ μειν α μεν  ἐμείναμεν [μένω] Modified tense stem (not always) –μείν- [μέν-] Modified tense formative -α instead of -σα

8 1st Aorist Act/Mid Indicative
Paradigm – 1st Aorist Active indicative (Liquid): Keys to recognition: Final stem consonant liquid (λ, μ, ν, ρ) Tense formative is -α, not -σα 1st Aor. (liquid) [Impf. = ἐμένον] 1st Aor. (regular) Sg. 1 ἔμεινα I remained ἔλυσα Sg. 2 ἔμεινας You remained ἔλυσας Sg. 3 ἔμεινε(ν) s/he/it remained ἔλυσε(ν) Pl. 1 ἐμείναμεν We remained ἐλύσαμεν Pl. 2 ἐλμείνατε ἐλύσατε Pl. 3 ἔμειναν They remained ἔλυσαν

9 1st Aorist Act/Mid Indicative
1.2.2 Aorist Middle Aorist has distinct forms for Active Middle Passive Aorist active and middle are identical except in Personal endings Aorist active personal endings Aorist middle personal endings

10 1st Aorist Act/Mid Indicative
Formation of 1st Aorist Middle: Aug + Aor. act. stem + tense form + second. M/P endings ἐ λυ σα μην  ἐλύσαμην Translate in active [I loosed]  Still only middle deponent verbs

11 1st Aorist Act/Mid Indicative
Paradigm – 1st Aorist Middle indicative: You’ll know that a verb is middle deponent in aor. if: 3rd form of verb in lexicon ends in -μην E.g. ἀρνέομαι [I deny] – ἀρνήσομαι, ἠρνησάμην, -, ἤρνημαι 1st Aor. 2nd Aor. Sg. 1 ἐλυσάμην I loosed ἐγένομην Sg. 2 ἐλύσω[-σο] You loosed ἐγένου Sg. 3 ἐλύσατο s/he/it loosed ἐγένετο Pl. 1 ἐλυσάμεθα We loosed ἐγενόμεθα Pl. 2 ἐλύσασθε ἐγένεσθε Pl. 3 ἐλύσαντο They loosed ἐγένοντο -σο which is the actual ending. Current ending comes from combination of vowel contractions and as second sigma drops off [*σα + σο  σαο  σω]

12 1st Aorist Act/Mid Indicative
Practice: Parsing p. 91 Warm-up p. 91 Homework: p. 93, no: 7-10


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