Class II – 1st Aorist Act/Mid Indicative

Παρουσίαση με θέμα: "Class II – 1st Aorist Act/Mid Indicative"— Μεταγράφημα παρουσίασης:

1 Class II – 1st Aorist Act/Mid Indicative
LAN 402 Beginning Greek II Class II – 1st Aorist Act/Mid Indicative

2 1st Aorist Act/Mid Indicative
1.1 English Past tense Review: “irregular” I eat my lunch  I ate my lunch “Regular” I clean my desk  I cleaned my desk

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1.2 Greek Aorist 2nd Aorist – English “irregular” 1st Aorist – English “regular” Majority of Greek verbs follow this pattern Whether a verb is1st or 2nd aorist does not affect meaning Aorist = undefined action

4 1st Aorist Act/Mid Indicative
st Aorist Active Formation: Augmt + Aor. act. stem + tense form + sec. act. endgs ἐ λυ σα μεν  ἐλύσαμεν

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Paradigm – 1st Aorist Active indicative: Contract verbs lengthen contract vowel b/f tense formative  ἀγαπάω --- ἠγάπησα 1st Aor. 2nd Aor. Sg. 1 ἔλυσα I loosed ἔλαβον Sg. 2 ἔλυσας You loosed ἔλαβες Sg. 3 ἔλυσε(ν) s/he/it loosed ἔλαβε(ν) Pl. 1 ἐλύσαμεν We loosed ἐλάβομεν Pl. 2 ἐλύσατε ἐλάβετε Pl. 3 ἔλυσαν They loosed

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Stems ending in stop: Review of stops: Labial: πσ, βσ, φσ > ψ Velar: κσ, γσ, χσ > ξ Dental: τσ, δσ, θσ > σ βλέπ + σα  ἔβλεψα βρέχ + σα  ἔβρεξα [I wet] πείθ + σα  ἔπεισα [I persuaded] Few exceptions (mixed/alternative forms): εἶπον – εἶπαν ἦλθον - ἦλθαν [ἤνεγκαν NOT ἤνεγκον]

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Liquid Aorist Active: Formation: Aug. + Aor. Act. Stem + Tense formt + second. Act. End. ἐ μειν α μεν  ἐμείναμεν [μένω] Modified tense stem (not always) –μείν- [μέν-] Modified tense formative -α instead of -σα

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Paradigm – 1st Aorist Active indicative (Liquid): Keys to recognition: Final stem consonant liquid (λ, μ, ν, ρ) Tense formative is -α, not -σα 1st Aor. (liquid) [Impf. = ἐμένον] 1st Aor. (regular) Sg. 1 ἔμεινα I remained ἔλυσα Sg. 2 ἔμεινας You remained ἔλυσας Sg. 3 ἔμεινε(ν) s/he/it remained ἔλυσε(ν) Pl. 1 ἐμείναμεν We remained ἐλύσαμεν Pl. 2 ἐλμείνατε ἐλύσατε Pl. 3 ἔμειναν They remained ἔλυσαν

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1.2.2 Aorist Middle Aorist has distinct forms for Active Middle Passive Aorist active and middle are identical except in Personal endings Aorist active personal endings Aorist middle personal endings

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Formation of 1st Aorist Middle: Aug + Aor. act. stem + tense form + second. M/P endings ἐ λυ σα μην  ἐλύσαμην Translate in active [I loosed]  Still only middle deponent verbs

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Paradigm – 1st Aorist Middle indicative: You’ll know that a verb is middle deponent in aor. if: 3rd form of verb in lexicon ends in -μην E.g. ἀρνέομαι [I deny] – ἀρνήσομαι, ἠρνησάμην, -, ἤρνημαι 1st Aor. 2nd Aor. Sg. 1 ἐλυσάμην I loosed ἐγένομην Sg. 2 ἐλύσω[-σο] You loosed ἐγένου Sg. 3 ἐλύσατο s/he/it loosed ἐγένετο Pl. 1 ἐλυσάμεθα We loosed ἐγενόμεθα Pl. 2 ἐλύσασθε ἐγένεσθε Pl. 3 ἐλύσαντο They loosed ἐγένοντο -σο which is the actual ending. Current ending comes from combination of vowel contractions and as second sigma drops off [*σα + σο  σαο  σω]

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Practice: Parsing p. 91 Warm-up p. 91 Homework: p. 93, no: 7-10