C.W. Shelmerdine Introduction to Greek 2 nd edition (Newburyport, MA: Focus, 2008) Chapter 23.

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1 C.W. Shelmerdine Introduction to Greek 2 nd edition (Newburyport, MA: Focus, 2008) Chapter 23

2 Shelmerdine Chapter 23 1.Athematic (-μι) verbs 2.Athematic (-μι) verbs, first principal part 3.Athematic (-μι) verbs, third principal part 4.Further comparison of adjectives in -ιων, -ιστος 5.Declension of comparatives -ιων

3 Shelmerdine Chapter 23 1.Athematic (-μι) verbs 2.Athematic (-μι) verbs, first principal part 3.Athematic (-μι) verbs, third principal part 4.Further comparison of adjectives in -ιων, -ιστος 5.Declension of comparatives -ιων

4 Shelmerdine Chapter 23 1.Athematic (-μι) verbs Almost all verbs in Greek are “thematic” verbs, because they have a thematic vowel (the ο/ε before the endings). They are also known as –ω verbs, since their first principal part ends in –ω. A small number of Greek verbs are “athematic” because they have no thematic vowel. These are known as –μι verbs, since their first principal part ends in –μι.

5 Shelmerdine Chapter 23 1.Athematic (-μι) verbs These verbs display slightly different endings and sometimes feature small changes to their stems at unusual times. This system of endings also lies behind the forms of the aorist passive system.

6 Shelmerdine Chapter 23 1.Athematic (-μι) verbs Although there are very few –μι verbs, some are very common. You first learned the most common –μι verb, εἰμί. In Chapter 14, you learned another –μι verb, φη μί “say.”

7 Shelmerdine Chapter 23 ACTIVE singular -μι -ς -σι plural -μεν -τε -ασι MIDDLE/PASSIVE singular -μαι -σαι -ται plural -μεθα -σθε -νται present tense (with differences from thematic verbs noted) for ω for ει for ουσι

8 Shelmerdine Chapter 23 ACTIVE singular -ν -ς - plural -μεν -τε -σαν PASSIVE singular -μην -σο -το plural -μεθα -σθε -ντο imperfect tense (with differences from thematic verbs noted) for ον

9 Shelmerdine Chapter 23 1.Athematic (-μι) verbs 2.Athematic (-μι) verbs, first principal part 3.Athematic (-μι) verbs, third principal part 4.Further comparison of adjectives in -ιων, -ιστος 5.Declension of comparatives -ιων

10 Shelmerdine Chapter 23 –μι verbs This section shows the forms of four common –μι verbs. Their principal parts are (with stems highlighted): –δείκνυμι, δείξω, ἔδειξα, δέδειχα, δέδειγμαι, ἐδείχθην show –τίθημι, θήσω, ἔθηκα, τέθηκα, -τέθεμαι, ἐτέθην put –ἵστημι, στήσω, ἔστασα/ἔστην, ἕστηκα, ἕσταμαι, ἐστάθην stand –δίδωμι, δώσω, ἔδωκα, δέδωκα, δέδομαι, ἐδόθην give

11 Shelmerdine Chapter 23 –μι verbs This section shows the present and imperfect indicative, from the first principal part. –δείκνυμι, δείξω, ἔδειξα, δέδειχα, δέδειγμαι, ἐδείχθην show –τίθημι, θήσω, ἔθηκα, τέθηκα, -τέθεμαι, ἐτέθην put –ἵστημι, στήσω, ἔστασα/ἔστην, ἕστηκα, ἕσταμαι, ἐστάθην stand –δίδωμι, δώσω, ἔδωκα, δέδωκα, δέδομαι, ἐδόθην give

12 Shelmerdine Chapter 23 ACTIVE singular δείκνυμι δείκνυς δείκνυσι plural δείκνυμεν δείκνυτε δεικνύασι MIDDLE/PASSIVE singular δείκνυμαι δείκνυσαι δείκνυται plural δεικνύμεθα δείκνυσθε δείκνυνται present tense stem = δεικνυ

13 Shelmerdine Chapter 23 ACTIVE singular τίθημι τίθης τίθησι plural τίθεμεν τίθετε τιθέασι MIDDLE/PASSIVE singular τίθεμαι τίθεσαι τίθεται plural τιθέμεθα τίθεσθε τίθενται present tense stem = τιθε η for ε

14 Shelmerdine Chapter 23 ACTIVE singular ἵστημι ἵστης ἵστησι plural ἵσταμεν ἵστατε ἱστᾶσι MIDDLE/PASSIVE singular ἵσταμαι ἵστασαι ἵσταται plural ἱστάμεθα ἵστασθε ἵστανται present tense stem = ἵστα η for α

15 Shelmerdine Chapter 23 ACTIVE singular δίδωμι δίδως δίδωσι plural δίδομεν δίδοτε διδόασι MIDDLE/PASSIVE singular δίδομαι δίδοσαι δίδοται plural διδόμεθα δίδοσθε δίδονται present tense stem = διδο ω for ο

16 Shelmerdine Chapter 23 ACTIVE singular ἐδείκνυν ἐδείκνυς ἐδείκνυ plural ἐδείκνυμεν ἐδείκνυτε ἐδείκνυσαν PASSIVE singular ἐδεικνύμην ἐδείκνυσο ἐδείκνυτο plural ἐδεικνύμεθα ἐδείκνυσθε ἐδείκνυντο imperfect tense stem = δεικνυ

17 Shelmerdine Chapter 23 ACTIVE singular ἐτίθην ἐτίθης ἐτίθη plural ἐτίθεμεν ἐτίθετε ἐτίθεσαν PASSIVE singular ἐτιθέμην ἐτίθεσο ἐτίθετο plural ἐτιθέμεθα ἐτίθεσθε ἐτίθεντο imperfect tense stem = τιθε η for ε

18 Shelmerdine Chapter 23 ACTIVE singular ἵστην ἵστης ἵστη plural ἵσταμεν ἵστατε ἵστασαν PASSIVE singular ἱστάμην ἵστασο ἵστατο plural ἱστάμεθα ἵστασθε ἵσταντο imperfect tense stem = ἵστα η for α

19 Shelmerdine Chapter 23 ACTIVE singular ἐδίδουν ἐδίδους ἐδίδου plural ἐδίδομεν ἐδίδοτε ἐδίδοσαν PASSIVE singular ἐδιδόμην ἐδίδοσο ἐδίδοτο plural ἐδιδόμεθα ἐδίδοσθε ἐδίδοντο imperfect tense stem = διδο ου for ο

20 Shelmerdine Chapter 23 1.Athematic (-μι) verbs 2.Athematic (-μι) verbs, first principal part 3.Athematic (-μι) verbs, third principal part 4.Further comparison of adjectives in -ιων, -ιστος 5.Declension of comparatives -ιων

21 Shelmerdine Chapter 23 –μι verbs This section shows the aorist indicative, from the third principal part. –τίθημι, θήσω, ἔθηκα, τέθηκα, -τέθεμαι, ἐτέθην put –ἵστημι, στήσω, ἔστην, ἕστηκα, ἕσταμαι, ἐστάθην stand –δίδωμι, δώσω, ἔδωκα, δέδωκα, δέδομαι, ἐδόθην give –The aorist of δείκνυμι ( ἔδειξα ) and the 1 st (weak) aorist of ἵστημι ( ἔστασα ) are both regular, so they are not shown separately.

22 Shelmerdine Chapter 23 ACTIVE singular ἔθηκα ἔθηκας ἔθηκε plural ἔθεμεν ἔθετε ἔθεσαν MIDDLE singular ἐθέμην ἔθεσο ἔθετο plural ἐθέμεθα ἔθεσθε ἔθεντο aorist tense stem = θε ηκ for ε

23 Shelmerdine Chapter 23 ACTIVE singular ἔστην ἔστης ἔστη plural ἔστημεν ἔστητε ἔστησαν MIDDLE None. This tense is intransitive. Transitive active and middle forms belong to the (regular) 1 st (weak) aorist ἔστησα. aorist tense: stem = στη Notice that these forms resemble the regular aorist passive.

24 Shelmerdine Chapter 23 ACTIVE singular ἔδωκα ἔδωκας ἔδωκε plural ἔδομεν ἔδοτε ἔδοσαν MIDDLE singular ἐδόμην (ἔδοσο  ) ἔδου ἔδοτο plural ἐδόμεθα ἔδοσθε ἔδοντο aorist tense stem = δο ωκ for ο

25 Shelmerdine Chapter 23 –μι verbs Ιn the infinitive mood, –μι verbs use the ending – ναι in the active (as do the perfect active and aorist passive) and the regular – σθαι in the middle.

26 Shelmerdine Chapter 23 ACTIVE present -ναι aorist -ναι MIDDLE present -σθαι aorist -σθαι infinitives

27 Shelmerdine Chapter 23 ACTIVE present δεικνύναι aorist regular 1 st (weak) MIDDLE present δεικνύσθαι aorist regular 1 st (weak) infinitives

28 Shelmerdine Chapter 23 ACTIVE present τιθέναι aorist θεῖναι MIDDLE present τιθέσθαι aorist θέσθαι infinitives

29 Shelmerdine Chapter 23 ACTIVE present ἱστάναι aorist στῆναι MIDDLE present ἱστάσθαι aorist --- infinitives

30 Shelmerdine Chapter 23 ACTIVE present διδόναι aorist δοῦναι MIDDLE present διδόσθαι aorist δόσθαι infinitives

31 Shelmerdine Chapter 23 –μι verbs Ιn the participle mood, –μι verbs resemble the 1 st (weak) aorist. –In the active, the forms are analogous to πᾶς πᾶσα πᾶν. –The middle participles all use the regular - μενος -η -ον.

32 Shelmerdine Chapter 23 ACTIVE present δεικνύς δεικνῦσα δεικνύν aorist regular 1 st (weak) MIDDLE present δεικνύμενος -η -ον aorist regular 1 st (weak) Participles

33 Shelmerdine Chapter 23 ACTIVE present τιθείς τιθεῖσα τιθέν aorist θείς θεῖσα θέν MIDDLE present τιθέμενος -η -ον aorist θέμενος -η -ον Participles The active forms are like the regular aorist passive (Chapter 22.3).

34 Shelmerdine Chapter 23 ACTIVE present ἱστάς ἱστᾶσα ἱστάν aorist στάς στᾶσα στάν MIDDLE present ἱστάμενος -η -ον aorist --- Participles The active forms resemble πᾶς πᾶσα πᾶν.

35 Shelmerdine Chapter 23 ACTIVE present διδούς διδοῦσα διδόν aorist δούς δοῦσα δόν MIDDLE present διδόμενος -η -ον aorist δόμενος -η -ον Participles

36 Shelmerdine Chapter 23 –μι verbs Ιn the imperative mood, –μι verbs are mostly regular. In the present active, the 2 nd person singular ending – ε contracts (δείκνυ, τίθει, ἵστη, δίδου). In the aorist active, the 2 nd person singular forms are θές, στῆθι, and δός.