Unit 17 Comparison of Adjectives

 So far you have seen adjectives in their simple state.  Adjectives have three possible states.  Positiveclear  Comparativeclearer, rather clear  Superlativeclearest, very clear  So far you have seen adjectives in their simple state.  Adjectives have three possible states.  Positiveclear  Comparativeclearer, rather clear  Superlativeclearest, very clear

Comparison of Adjectives  Greek adjectives express comparative and superlative degrees by adding suffixes to the positive degree form.  -τερος, τερα, -τερον  -τατος, -τατη, -τατον  -ιων, ιον  -ιστος, ιστη, ιστον  Greek adjectives express comparative and superlative degrees by adding suffixes to the positive degree form.  -τερος, τερα, -τερον  -τατος, -τατη, -τατον  -ιων, ιον  -ιστος, ιστη, ιστον

Comparison of Adjectives  -τερος, τερα, -τερον  -τατος, -τατη, -τατον  If the stem (masc. nom. sing. w/o the -ος ending) ends in a short syllable, add an -ω and the comp./super. endings.  -τερος, τερα, -τερον  -τατος, -τατη, -τατον  If the stem (masc. nom. sing. w/o the -ος ending) ends in a short syllable, add an -ω and the comp./super. endings.

Comparison of Adjectives  σοφός  σοφ-  σοφώτερος  σοφώτατος  σοφός  σοφ-  σοφώτερος  σοφώτατος

Comparison of Adjectives  -τερος, τερα, -τερον  -τατος, -τατη, -τατον  If the stem (masc. nom. sing. w/o the -ος ending) 1) ends in a long syllable or 2) a short syllable followed by ζ, ξ, or ψ add an -o and the comp./super. endings.  -τερος, τερα, -τερον  -τατος, -τατη, -τατον  If the stem (masc. nom. sing. w/o the -ος ending) 1) ends in a long syllable or 2) a short syllable followed by ζ, ξ, or ψ add an -o and the comp./super. endings.

Comparison of Adjectives  δίκαιος  δίκαι-  δικαιότερος  δικαιότατος  δίκαιος  δίκαι-  δικαιότερος  δικαιότατος

Comparison of Adjectives  Third declension adjectives will usually take endings of the type:  -εστερος  -εστατος  σαφής  σαφέστερος  σαφέστατος  Third declension adjectives will usually take endings of the type:  -εστερος  -εστατος  σαφής  σαφέστερος  σαφέστατος

Comparison of Adjectives ἄφρων ἀφρονέστερος ἀφρονέστατος ἄφρων ἀφρονέστερος ἀφρονέστατος

Comparison of Adjectives  -ιων, ιον  -ιστος, ιστη, ιστον  Adjectives which take these endings must be learned individually.  The stems are made differently for each adjective.  -ιων, ιον  -ιστος, ιστη, ιστον  Adjectives which take these endings must be learned individually.  The stems are made differently for each adjective.

Comparison of Adjectives  αἰσχρός  αἰσχ-  αἰσχίων  αἴσχιστος  καλός  καλλ-  καλλίων  κάλλιστος  αἰσχρός  αἰσχ-  αἰσχίων  αἴσχιστος  καλός  καλλ-  καλλίων  κάλλιστος

εἶμι Present System εἶμιεἶεἶσι(ν)ἴμενἴτε ἴασι(ν) εἶμιεἶεἶσι(ν)ἴμενἴτε ἴωἴῃςἴῃἴωμενἴητε ἴωσι(ν) ἴωἴῃςἴῃἴωμενἴητε ἴοιμι / ἰοίην ἴοιςἴοιἴοιμενἴοιτεἴοιεν ἴοιςἴοιἴοιμενἴοιτεἴοιεν Indicative SubjunctiveOptative

εἶμι Present System ων οντος οντι οντα οντες οντων ουσι οντας Imperfect ουσα ουσης (ουσας) ουσῃ (ουσᾳ) ουσαν ουσαι ουσων ουσαις ουσας ImperativeInfinitive ᾖα / ᾔειν ᾔεισθα / ᾔεις ᾔειν / ᾔει ᾖμεν ᾖτε ᾖσαν / ᾔεσαν ᾖα / ᾔειν ᾔεισθα / ᾔεις ᾔειν / ᾔει ᾖμεν ᾖτε ᾖσαν / ᾔεσαν ἴθι ἴτω ἴτε ἰόντων ἴθι ἴτω ἴτε ἰόντων ἰέναι Participle ἰών, ἰοῦσα, ἰόν