The City of Athens GRK 101

πολλὰ πιὼν καὶ πολλὰ φαγὼν καὶ πολλὰ κακ᾽ εἰπὼν ἀνθρώπους κεῖμαι, Τιμοκρέων Ῥόδιος

τῶν παρότων πολλοὶ μεθύοντες κωμάζουσιν. πάρειμι “I am here / am there / am present” (παρά + εἰμι) μεθύω “I am drunk” κωμάζω “I carouse”

Forming Active Participles   MASC 3rd-decl, stem in ‑οντ FEM 1st-decl., stem in ‑ουσα NEUT 3rd-decl, stem in ‑οντ sing. nominative ‑ων -ουσα sing. genitive ‑οντ‑ος ‑ούσης etc.

Oral Drill: Present Active PTC “Being” Dicaeopolis, being a farmer, loves his farm ὁ Δικαιόπολις, “being” αὐτουργός, φιλεῖ τὸν κλῆρον “being” — what case-number-gender? nom-sing-masc ὁ Δικαιόπολις, ὢν αὐτουργός, φιλεῖ τὸν κλῆρον ἡ Μυρρίνη, “being” αὐτουργός, φιλεῖ τὸν κλῆρον ἡ Μυρρίνη, οὐσα αὐτουργός, φιλεῖ τὸν κλῆρον τὸ παιδίον, “being” αὐτουργόν, φιλεῖ τὸν κλῆρον ἡ Μυρρίνη, ὂν αὐτουργόν, φιλεῖ τὸν κλῆρον

Oral Drill cont’d παρέχω τὸ ἄροτρον τῷ παιδίῳ, “being” αὐτουργῷ [i.e., the child “being” a farmer] ὄντι παρέχω τὸ ἄροτρον τῇ Μυρρίνῃ, “being” αὐτουργῷ [i.e., Myrrhine “being” a farmer] οὔσῃ

Oral Drill cont’d ἆρα ὁρᾷς… τὴν Μυρρίνην φέρουσαν τὸ ἄροτρον; τὸν Δικαιόπολιν φέρνοντα τὸ ἄροτρον; τὸ παιδίον (= “the child,” neuter sing.) φέρον τὸ ἄροτρον; ἡ Μυρρίνη, φέρουσα τὸ ἄροτρον, ὁρᾷ τὸν λύκον ὁ Δικαιόπολις, _____ τὸ ἄροτρον, ὁρᾷ τὸν λύκον τὸ παιδίον, _____ τὸ ἄροτρον, ὁρᾷ τὸν λύκον

From the “Periclean Funeral Oration” Καὶ οἵδε μὲν προσηκόντως τῇ πόλει τοιοίδε ἐγένοντο• τοὺς δὲ λοιποὺς χρὴ ἀσφαλεστέραν μὲν εὔχεσθαι, ἀτολμο- τέραν δὲ μηδὲν ἀξιοῦν τὴν ἐς τοὺς πολεμίους διάνοιαν ἔχειν, σκοποῦντας μὴ λόγῳ μόνῳ τὴν ὠφελίαν, ἣν ἄν τις πρὸς οὐδὲν χεῖρον αὐτοὺς ὑμᾶς εἰδότας μηκύνοι, λέγων ὅσα ἐν τῷ τοὺς πολεμίους ἀμύνεσθαι ἀγαθὰ ἔνεστιν, ἀλλὰ μᾶλλον τὴν τῆς πόλεως δύναμιν καθ᾽ ἡμέραν ἔργῳ θεωμένους καὶ ἐραστὰς γιγνομένους αὐτῆς, καὶ ὅταν ὑμῖν μεγάλη δόξῃ εἶναι, ἐνθυμουμένους ὅτι τολμῶντες καὶ γιγνώσκοντες τὰ δέοντα καὶ ἐν τοῖς ἔργοις αἰσχυνόμενοι ἄνδρες αὐτὰ ἐκτήσαντο, καὶ ὁπότε καὶ πείρᾳ του σφαλεῖεν, οὐκ οὖν καὶ τὴν πόλιν γε τῆς σφετέρας ἀρετῆς ἀξιοῦντες στερίσκειν, κάλλιστον δὲ ἔρανον αὐτῇ προϊέμενοι. (Thucydides 2.43.1) And so it is that these men have proved themselves worthy of their city. As for you, the living, pray that your resolve will be no less unshakable, yet resolve to be no less bold against the enemy. And don’t just calculate the benefits of beating him back — benefits that it would take too long for someone to recount, nor do any of you need reminding. No, you must actually gaze daily upon the city’s power and become lovers of it. And when all this magnificence has impressed itself upon you, reflect on the kind of men who made it possible, men whose deeds told of bravery, duty, and honor. For if some mishap were to trip them up, rather than deny the city the benefit of their courage, they would contribute to the common enterprise in the most glorious fashion imaginable.

Issues: The City of Athens… Athens Impressive as to… Spending excessive (?) as to… Crowding Magnificence Democracy Its strength Loyalty that it commanded Money for defense of Athens/of Greece wasted? With Pericles too concerned for city’s prestige But democratic make-work policy defensible “It would be impossible to revile such a city” Flagrant expenditure Was it?... Is this where my tribute money is going? Plut. Pericles. ‘ [2] and that seemliest of all excuses which it had to urge against its accusers, to wit, that out of fear of the Barbarians it took the public funds from that sacred isle and was now guarding them in a stronghold, of this Pericles has robbed it. And surely Hellas is insulted with a dire insult and manifestly subjected to tyranny when she sees that, with her own enforced contributions for the war, we are gilding and bedizening our city, which, for all the world like a wanton woman, adds to her wardrobe precious stones and costly statues and temples worth their millions.’ For his part, Pericles would instruct the people that it owed no account of their moneys to the allies provided it carried on the war for them and kept off the Barbarians; ‘not a horse do they furnish,’ said he, ‘not a ship, not a hoplite, but money simply; and this belongs, not to those who give it, but to those who take it, if only they furnish that for which they take it in pay. ’

astu (town) harbor district burial ground (outside walls) walls AGORA: public center, marketplace KHŌRA (countryside) ACROPOLIS (“high city”): religious center, citadel walls astu (town) harbor district walls harbor (foreign contacts) KHŌRA (countryside) walls City with Port (compare Athens)

Athens & Piraeus

Parthenon, West Front (Reconstruction) slide show Parthenon, West Front (Reconstruction)

Greek House (oikia), Olynthus, 4th cent. BCE (reconstruction) 4/8/2017 andron (men’s “rumpus room”) Greek House (oikia), Olynthus, 4th cent. BCE (reconstruction) CLA77, Andrew Scholtz