Mastering NT Greek 12. Imperfect Verbs By Ted Hildebrandt © 2003 Baker Academic

PAI Verb Chant λύωλύομεν λύωλύομεν λύειςλύετε λύειςλύετε λύειλύουσι(ν) λύειλύουσι(ν)

2-1-2 Paradigms - Chant this λόγος γραφή ἱ ερόν λόγος γραφή ἱ ερόν λόγου γραφ ῆ ς ἱ ερο ῦ λόγου γραφ ῆ ς ἱ ερο ῦ λόγ ῳ γραφ ῇ ἱ ερ ῷ λόγ ῳ γραφ ῇ ἱ ερ ῷ λόγον γραφήν ἱ ερόν λόγον γραφήν ἱ ερόν λόγοι γραφαί ἱ ερά λόγοι γραφαί ἱ ερά λόγων γραφ ῶ ν ἱ ερ ῶ ν λόγων γραφ ῶ ν ἱ ερ ῶ ν λόγοις γραφα ῖ ς ἱ ερο ῖ ς λόγοις γραφα ῖ ς ἱ ερο ῖ ς λόγους γραφάς ἱ ερά λόγους γραφάς ἱ ερά

The "is" verb PAI -- ε ἰ μί ε ἰ μί ἐ σμέν ε ἶ ἐ στέ ἐ στί(ν) ε ἰ σί(ν) ε ἰ μί ἐ σμέν ε ἶ ἐ στέ ἐ στί(ν) ε ἰ σί(ν)

Person Personal Pronoun Chant Singular Plural Singular Plural Nom. ἐ γώ σύ ἡ με ῖ ς Nom. ἐ γώ σύ ἡ με ῖ ς Gen. μου σου ἡ μ ῶ ν Dat. μοι σοι ἡ μ ῖ ν Acc. με σε ἡ μάς Gen. μου σου ἡ μ ῶ ν Dat. μοι σοι ἡ μ ῖ ν Acc. με σε ἡ μάς α ὐ τός, α ὐ τη, α ὐ τό (he, she, it) α ὐ τός, α ὐ τη, α ὐ τό (he, she, it)

Present Middle/Passive Indicative λύομαι, -ομεθα - ῃ, -εσθε -εται, -ονται λύομαι, -ομεθα - ῃ, -εσθε -εται, -ονται I am loosed/am being loosed I am loosed/am being loosed I loose myself/am loosing [for myself] I loose myself/am loosing [for myself]

Shape of the Future in Greek λύσω λύσομεν I will loose We will loose λύσω λύσομεν I will loose We will loose λύσεις λύσετε You will loose You all will loose λύσεις λύσετε You will loose You all will loose λύσει λύσουσι(ν) S/he/it will loose They will loose λύσει λύσουσι(ν) S/he/it will loose They will loose Chant this one Chant this one

Future Middle Paradigm λύσομαι -όμεθα - ῃ -εσθε -εται -ονται λύσομαι -όμεθα - ῃ -εσθε -εται -ονται I will loose (for myself) We will loose (for ourselves) … I will loose (for myself) We will loose (for ourselves) …

Demonstrative and Relative Pronouns Summary ἐ κε ῖ νος, ἐ κείνη, ἐ κε ῖ νο = that ἐ κε ῖ νος, ἐ κείνη, ἐ κε ῖ νο = that ο ὗ τος, α ὕ τη, το ῦ το τούτου, ταύτης, τούτου = this ο ὗ τος, α ὕ τη, το ῦ το τούτου, ταύτης, τούτου = this ὅ ς ἥ ὅ = Relative (who, which) ο ὗ ἧ ς ο ὗ ὅ ς ἥ ὅ = Relative (who, which) ο ὗ ἧ ς ο ὗ

Imperfect Active Paradigm of λύω Chant : ἐ λυον, ν, ς, ε, μεν, τε, ν I was loosing, … Chant : ἐ λυον, ν, ς, ε, μεν, τε, ν I was loosing, …

Rapping the Lord’s Prayer Πάτερ ἡ μ ῶ ν ὁ ἐ ν το ῖ ς ο ὐ ρανο ῖ ς father our the one in heaven ἁ γιασθήτω τ ὸ ὄ νομά σου make holy name your ἁ γιασθήτω τ ὸ ὄ νομά σου make holy name your ἐ λθέτω ἡ βασιλεία σου let come kingdom your ἐ λθέτω ἡ βασιλεία σου let come kingdom your γενηθήτω τ ὸ θέλημά σου, let be will your γενηθήτω τ ὸ θέλημά σου, let be will your

Introduction English: only one past English: only one past They stood at the top of Mt. Jefferson. They stood at the top of Mt. Jefferson.

Greek has 2 past tenses Imperfect: continuous/process past Imperfect: continuous/process past They were standing at the top of Mt. Jefferson. (is verb + participle [-ing]) They were standing at the top of Mt. Jefferson. (is verb + participle [-ing]) Aorist: complete/wholistic past--it happened Aorist: complete/wholistic past--it happened They stood at the top of Mt. Jefferson. They stood at the top of Mt. Jefferson.

Imperfect Formation Augment + PRESENT STEM + CV + 2nd Ending Augment + PRESENT STEM + CV + 2nd Ending  CV = connecting vowel ε + λυ + ο + ν = ἔ λυον ε + λυ + ο + ν = ἔ λυον The connecting vowel is: The connecting vowel is:  ο before μ and ν  ε before everything else

Imperfect Active Paradigm of λύω Singular Plural Singular Plural ἔ λυον ἐ λύομεν I was loosing We were loosing ἔ λυον ἐ λύομεν I was loosing We were loosing ἔ λυες ἐ λύετε You were loosing You (pl.) were loosing ἔ λυες ἐ λύετε You were loosing You (pl.) were loosing ἔ λυε(ν) ἔ λυον He/she/it was loosing They were loosing ἔ λυε(ν) ἔ λυον He/she/it was loosing They were loosing Secondary endings: (primary = present/future) Secondary endings: (primary = present/future) Chant : ἔ λυον, ν, ς, ε, μεν, τε, ν Chant : ἔ λυον, ν, ς, ε, μεν, τε, ν

Imperfect Middle/Passive of λύω Singular Plural Singular Plural ἐ λυόμην ἐ λυόμεθα I was being loosed We were being loosed ἐ λυόμην ἐ λυόμεθα I was being loosed We were being loosed ἐ λύου ἐ λύεσθε You were being loosed You all were being loosed ἐ λύου ἐ λύεσθε You were being loosed You all were being loosed ἐ λύετο ἐ λύοντο He/she/it was being loosed They were being loosed ἐ λύετο ἐ λύοντο He/she/it was being loosed They were being loosed Chant: ἐ λυόμην, -ου, -ετο, -ομεθα, -εσθε, -οντο Chant: ἐ λυόμην, -ου, -ετο, -ομεθα, -εσθε, -οντο

Four Ways to Augment an Augment 1) Before a consonant: ε 1) Before a consonant: ε 2) Before a vowel: lengths vowel 2) Before a vowel: lengths vowel  α and ε lengthen to η (ε+α=η; ε+ε=η)  ο lengthens to ω (ε + ο = ω)  ι ending a diphthong subscripts (ε+ει = ῃ )  υ ending a diphthong stays strong (ε+αυ=ηυ)

Four Ways to Augment and Augment 3) Prepositional with final consonant: insert e augment in middle 3) Prepositional with final consonant: insert e augment in middle  ἐ κβάλλω -- ἐ ξεβάλλον 4) Prepositional with final vowel: drop+insert -- final vowel dropped and ε inserted 4) Prepositional with final vowel: drop+insert -- final vowel dropped and ε inserted  ἀ ποκτείνω (I die) – ἀ πέκτεινον (I was dying)

Augmenting Imperfect Examples ε + α = η ἤ κουον (ε + ἀ κούω) ε + α = η ἤ κουον (ε + ἀ κούω) ε + ε = η ἤ γειρον (ε + ἐ γείρω) ε + ε = η ἤ γειρον (ε + ἐ γείρω) ε + ο = ω ὠ ρχούμην (ε + ὀ ρχέομαι) ε + ο = ω ὠ ρχούμην (ε + ὀ ρχέομαι) I was dancingI was dancing ε + αι = ῃ ῇ ρον ( ε + α ἴ ρω) ε + αι = ῃ ῇ ρον ( ε + α ἴ ρω) ε + οι = ῳ ᾠ κοδόμουν (ε + ο ἰ κοδομέω) ε + οι = ῳ ᾠ κοδόμουν (ε + ο ἰ κοδομέω) I was buildingI was building

Imperfect ε ἰ μί (a big one) Singular Plural Singular Plural ἤ μην ἦ μεν I was We were ἤ μην ἦ μεν I was We were ἦ ς ἦ τε You were You all were ἦ ς ἦ τε You were You all were ἦ ν ἦ σαν He/she/it was They were ἦ ν ἦ σαν He/she/it was They were

Some Translation Examples ἐ κε ῖ νος δ ὲ ἔ λεγεν περ ὶ το ῦ ναο ῦ τού σώματος (body) α ὐ το ῦ (Jn 2:21) ἐ κε ῖ νος δ ὲ ἔ λεγεν περ ὶ το ῦ ναο ῦ τού σώματος (body) α ὐ το ῦ (Jn 2:21) but that one was speaking concerning the temple of his body but that one was speaking concerning the temple of his body κα ὶ ἤ ρχοντο πρ ὸ ς α ὐ τόν (Jn 4:30) κα ὶ ἤ ρχοντο πρ ὸ ς α ὐ τόν (Jn 4:30) And they were coming to him And they were coming to him

Vocabulary - Chapter 12 μέν μέν on the one hand, indeed on the one hand, indeed ὅ λος, -η, -ον ὅ λος, -η, -ον whole, entire whole, entire ὅ τε ὅ τε when when σύν σύν with with

Imperfect Middle/Passive of λύω Chant: ἐ λυόμην, -ου, -ετο, -ομεθα, -εσθε, -οντο Chant: ἐ λυόμην, -ου, -ετο, -ομεθα, -εσθε, -οντο I was being loosed I was being loosed

Imperfect ε ἰ μί (a big one) Singular Plural Singular Plural ἤ μην ἦ μεν I was We were ἤ μην ἦ μεν I was We were ἦ ς ἦ τε You were You all were ἦ ς ἦ τε You were You all were ἦ ν ἦ σαν He/she/it was They were ἦ ν ἦ σαν He/she/it was They were

Imperfect IAI (I M/P I) Chant: ἔ λυον, ν, σ, ε, μεν, τε, ν Chant: ἔ λυον, ν, σ, ε, μεν, τε, ν Chant: ἐ λυόμην, -ου, -ετο, -ομεθα, -εσθε, -οντο Chant: ἐ λυόμην, -ου, -ετο, -ομεθα, -εσθε, -οντο

Vocabulary Review

Ch Vocabulary angel, messenger ἄ γγελος, -ου, ὁ verily, truly ἀ μήν man, humankind ἄ νθρωπος, -ου, ὁ I ἐ γώ ἐ γώGod θεός, -ο ῦ, ὁ

Ch Vocabulary and, also, even καίheart καρδία, -ας, ἡ I say I sayλέγωprophet προφήτης, -ου, ὁ Christ, Messiah Χριστός, -ο ῦ, ὁ

Ch Vocabulary brother brother ἀ δελφός, -ο ῦ, ὁ ἀ δελφός, -ο ῦ, ὁ I hear, obey I hear, obey ἀ κούω ἀ κούω glory, fame glory, fame δόξα, -ης, ἡδόξα, -ης, ἡ I have I have ἔ χω ἔ χω world world κόσμος, -ου, ὁκόσμος, -ου, ὁ

Ch Vocabulary Lord, sir Lord, sir κύριος, -ου, ὁκύριος, -ου, ὁ word word λόγος, -ου, ὁλόγος, -ου, ὁ Peter Peter Π ἑ τρος, -ου, ὁΠ ἑ τρος, -ου, ὁ son son υ ἱ ός, -ο ῦ, ὁυ ἱ ός, -ο ῦ, ὁ Pharisee Pharisee Φαρισα ῖ ος, -ου, ὁΦαρισα ῖ ος, -ου, ὁ

Ch Vocabulary but, yet but, yet ἀ λλ ἀ ἀ λλ ἀ apostle, sent one apostle, sent one ἀ πόστολος, -ου, ὁ ἀ πόστολος, -ου, ὁ I see I see βλέπωβλέπω for, then for, then γάργάρ I know I know γινώσκω γινώσκω

Ch Vocabulary Jesus Jesus Ἰ ησο ῦ ς, -ο ῦ, ὁ Ἰ ησο ῦ ς, -ο ῦ, ὁ I take, receive I take, receive λαμβάνωλαμβάνω I loose I loose λύωλύω heaven heaven ο ὐ ρανός, -ο ῦ, ὁο ὐ ρανός, -ο ῦ, ὁ I believe I believe πιστεύωπιστεύω

Ch Vocabulary I love ἀ γαπάω ἀ γαπάω I write γράφω γράφω but, and δέ δέ servant, slave δο ῦ λος, -ου, ὁ δο ῦ λος, -ου, ὁ I find ε ὑ ρίσκω ε ὑ ρίσκω

Ch Vocabulary temple ἱ ερόν, -ο ῦ, τό ἱ ερόν, -ο ῦ, τό People People λαός, -ο ῦ, ὁ λαός, -ο ῦ, ὁ law law νόμος, -ου, ὁ νόμος, -ου, ὁhouse ο ἶ κος, -ου, ὁ ο ἶ κος, -ου, ὁ as, about, how ὡ ς ὡ ς

Ch Vocabulary love ἀ γάπη, -ης, ἡ ἀ γάπη, -ης, ἡtruth ἀ λήθεια, -ας, ἡ ἀ λήθεια, -ας, ἡsin ἁ μαρτία, -ας, ἡ ἁ μαρτία, -ας, ἡkingdom βασιλεία, -ας, ἡ βασιλεία, -ας, ἡ writing, Scripture γραφή, - ῆ ς, ἡ γραφή, - ῆ ς, ἡ

Ch Vocabulary I raise up ἐ γείρω ἐ γείρω assembly, church ἐ κκλησία, -ας, ἡ ἐ κκλησία, -ας, ἡwork ἔ ργον, -ου, τό ἔ ργον, -ου, τόdisciple μαθητής, -ο ῦ, ὁ μαθητής, -ο ῦ, ὁHour ὥ ρα, -ας, ἡ ὥ ρα, -ας, ἡ

Chapter 6 Vocabulary ἀ πό (Gen.) ἀ πό (Gen.)  from διά (Gen.) διά (Gen.)  through διά (Acc.) διά (Acc.)  on account of ε ἰ ς (Acc.) ε ἰ ς (Acc.)  into

Chapter 6 Vocabulary ἐ κ (Gen.) ἐ κ (Gen.)  out of, from ἐ ν (Dat.) ἐ ν (Dat.)  in ἐ πί (Gen.) ἐ πί (Gen.)  on, over ἐ πί (Dat.) ἐ πί (Dat.)  on, at, against, on the basis of

Chapter 6 Vocabulary ἐ πί (Acc.) ἐ πί (Acc.)  on, to, toward, against κατά (Gen.) κατά (Gen.)  down, against κατά (Acc.) κατά (Acc.)  according to μετά (Gen.) μετά (Gen.)  with

Chapter 6 Vocabulary μετά (Acc.) μετά (Acc.)  after, behind περί (Gen.) περί (Gen.)  about, concerning περί (Acc.) περί (Acc.)  around, near πρός (Acc.) πρός (Acc.)  to

Vocabulary -- Ch. 7 good ἀ γαθός, -ή, -όν ἀ γαθός, -ή, -όν Holy Holy ἅ γιος, -α, -ον ἅ γιος, -α, -ονrighteous δίκαιοις, -α, -ον δίκαιοις, -α, -ον

Vocabulary – Ch. 7 I am ε ἰ μί ε ἰ μί Jewish, a Jew Jewish, a Jew Ἰ ουδα ῖ ος, -α, -ον Ἰ ουδα ῖ ος, -α, -ον Great Great μέγας, μεγάλη, μέγα μέγας, μεγάλη, μέγα

Vocabulary -- Ch. 7 dead dead νεκρός, -ά, -όν νεκρός, -ά, -όν no, not no, not ο ὐ, ο ὐ κ, ο ὐ χ ο ὐ, ο ὐ κ, ο ὐ χ first first πρ ῶ τος, -η, -ον πρ ῶ τος, -η, -ον voice voice φωνή, - ῆ ς, ἡ φωνή, - ῆ ς, ἡ

he/she/it he/she/it  α ὐ τός, -ή, -ό land, earth, region land, earth, region  γ ῆ, - ῆ ς, ἡ I, we I, we  ἐ γώ, ἡ με ῖ ς day day  ἡ μέρα, -ας, ἡ that, so that that, so that  ὅ τι Vocabulary Ch. 8

so, then, therefore so, then, therefore οὖνοὖνοὖνοὖν crowd crowd  ὄ χλος, -ου, ὁ from from  παρά (with Gen.) beside, with beside, with  παρά (with Dat.) alongside, beside alongside, beside  παρά (with Acc.) Vocabulary Ch. 8

you / you (pl) you / you (pl)  σύ / ὑ με ῖ ς by, at the hands of by, at the hands of  ὑ πό (with Gen.) under, below under, below  ὑ πό (with Acc.) Vocabulary Ch. 8

I answer I answer  ἀ ποκρίνομαι I send I send  ἀ ποστέλλω I throw I throw  βάλλω I become I become  γίνομαι I come in I come in  ε ἰ σέρχομαι Vocabulary Ch. 9

I go out I go out  ἐ ξέρχομαι I come/go I come/go  ἔ ρχομαι I wish I wish  θέλω thus, so thus, so  ο ὕ τως I go I go  πορεύομαι Vocabulary Ch. 9

life life  ζωή, - ῆ ς, ἡ death death  θάνατος, -ου, ὁ I judge I judge  κρίνω I remain I remain  μένω only, alone only, alone  μόνος, -η, -ον Vocabulary Ch. 10

now now νῦννῦννῦννῦν and not, nor and not, nor  ο ὐ δέ Paul Paul  Πα ῦ λος I save I save  σ ῴ ζω then then  τότε Vocabulary Ch. 10

Chapter 11 Vocabulary ἀ πέρχομαι ἀ πέρχομαι  I go away, leave ἐ κε ῖ νος ἐ κε ῖ νος  that Ἰ ουδα ῖ ος, -α, -ον Ἰ ουδα ῖ ος, -α, -ον  Jewish καθώς καθώς  as, just as

Chapter 11 Vocabulary ὅ ς, ἥ, ὅ ὅ ς, ἥ, ὅ  who, which ὅ ταν ὅ ταν  when πάλιν πάλιν  again ο ὗ τος, α ὗ τη, το ῦ το ο ὗ τος, α ὗ τη, το ῦ το  this

Chapter 11 Vocabulary Πέτρος, -ου, ὁ Πέτρος, -ου, ὁ  Peter ὑ πέρ ὑ πέρ  for, about (gen.)  above, beyond (acc.)

Chapter 11 Vocabulary ὑ πέρ ὑ πέρ  for, about (gen.)  above, beyond (acc.)

Chapter 12 Vocabulary ἀ ποθν ῄ σκω ἀ ποθν ῄ σκω  I die ἐ κε ῖ ἐ κε ῖ  there ἕ ως ἕ ως  until ἰ δού ἰ δού  behold

Chapter 12 Vocabulary ἵ να ἵ να in order that, that in order that, that Ἰ ωάννης, -ου, ὁ Ἰ ωάννης, -ου, ὁ  John μέν μέν  on the one hand, indeed ὅ λος, -η, -ον ὅ λος, -η, -ον  whole, entire

Chapter 12 Vocabulary ὅ τε ὅ τε  when σύν σύν  with