C.W. Shelmerdine Introduction to Greek 2 nd edition (Newburyport, MA: Focus, 2008) Chapter 20.

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1 C.W. Shelmerdine Introduction to Greek 2 nd edition (Newburyport, MA: Focus, 2008) Chapter 20

2 Shelmerdine Chapter 20 1.Adjectives of the σώφρων and ἀληθής types 2.Adjectives of the ἡ δ ύ ς type 3.The adjective πᾶς 4.The liquid future (2 nd principal part) 5.The liquid aorist (3 rd principal part) 6.Review of liquid future and aorist forms

3 Shelmerdine Chapter 20 1.Adjectives of the σώφρων and ἀ ληθ ή ς types 2.Adjectives of the ἡ δ ύ ς type 3.The adjective πᾶς 4.The liquid future (2 nd principal part) 5.The liquid aorist (3 rd principal part) 6.Review of liquid future and aorist forms

4 Shelmerdine Chapter 20 1. Adjectives of the σώφρων and ἀληθής types Some adjectives use third declension endings. Like third declension nouns, the masculine and feminine forms are identical. Thus the forms of the adjective σώφρων –ον “prudent” singular σώφρων σώφρονος σώφρονι σώφρονα σῶφρον plural σώφρονες σώφρόνων σώφροσι σώφρονας Voc. = nom.

5 Shelmerdine Chapter 20 1. Adjectives of the σώφρων and ἀληθής types Some adjectives use third declension endings. The neuter forms are the same as the masculine/feminine, but with the Neuter Law applied. Thus the forms of the adjective σώφρων –ον “prudent” singular σῶφρον σώφρονος σώφρονι Acc. = nom. Voc. = nom. plural σώφρονα σώφρόνων σώφροσι Acc. = nom. Voc. = nom.

6 Shelmerdine Chapter 20 1. Adjectives of the σώφρων and ἀληθής types Some adjectives use third declension endings and have stems in -εσ, which then contract. The masculine and feminine forms are identical. Thus the forms of the adjective ἀληθής –ές “true” singular ἀληθής ἀληθοῦς (έος) ἀληθεῖ ἀληθῆ (έα) ἀληθές plural ἀληθεῖς (έες) ἀληθῶν (έων) ἀληθέσι Acc. = nom. Voc. = nom.

7 Shelmerdine Chapter 20 1. Adjectives of the σώφρων and ἀληθής types Some adjectives use third declension endings and have stems in -εσ, which then contract. The neuter forms have the Neuter Law applied. Thus the forms of the adjective ἀληθής –ές “true” singular ἀληθές ἀληθοῦς (έος) ἀληθεῖ Acc. = nom. Voc. = nom. plural ἀληθῆ (έα) ἀληθῶν (έων) ἀληθέσι Acc. = nom. Voc. = nom.

8 Shelmerdine Chapter 20 1.Adjectives of the σώφρων and ἀληθής types 2.Adjectives of the ἡ δ ύ ς type 3.The adjective πᾶς 4.The liquid future (2 nd principal part) 5.The liquid aorist (3 rd principal part) 6.Review of liquid future and aorist forms

9 Shelmerdine Chapter 20 2. Adjectives of the ἡδύς type Some adjectives use third declension endings. Thus the masculine forms of the adjective ἡδύς ἡδεῖα ἡδύ “sweet” singular ἡδύς ἡδέος ἡδεῖ ἡδύν Voc. = nom. plural ἡδεῖς (έες) ἡδέων ἡδέσι Acc. = nom. Voc. = nom.

10 Shelmerdine Chapter 20 2. Adjectives of the ἡδύς type The feminine forms, however, revert to 1 st declension endings. Thus the adjective ἡδύς ἡδεῖα ἡδύ “sweet” singular Nom. ἡδεῖα Gen. ἡδείας Dat. ἡδείᾳ Acc. ἡδεῖαν Voc. = Nom. plural Nom. ἡδεῖαι Gen. ἡδειῶν Dat. ἡδείαις Acc. ἡδείας Voc. = Nom.

11 Shelmerdine Chapter 20 2. Adjectives of the ἡδύς type Some adjectives use third declension endings. Thus the neuter forms of the adjective ἡδύς ἡδεῖα ἡδύ “sweet” singular ἡδύ ἡδέος ἡδεῖ Acc. = nom. Voc. = nom. plural ἡδέα ἡδέων ἡδέσι Acc. = nom. Voc. = nom.

12 Shelmerdine Chapter 20 1.Adjectives of the σώφρων and ἀληθής types 2.Adjectives of the ἡ δ ύ ς type 3.The adjective πᾶς 4.The liquid future (2 nd principal part) 5.The liquid aorist (3 rd principal part) 6.Review of liquid future and aorist forms

13 Shelmerdine Chapter 20 3. The adjective πᾶς The adjective πᾶς πᾶσα πᾶν “all” uses third declension endings in the masculine: singular Nom. πᾶς Gen. πάντος Dat. πάντι Acc. πάντα Voc. = Nom. plural Nom. πάντες Gen. πάντων Dat. πᾶσι Acc. πάντας Voc. = Nom. nom. sg.: παντσ  πας dat. pl.: παντσι  πασι

14 Shelmerdine Chapter 20 3. The adjective πᾶς The adjective πᾶς πᾶσα πᾶν “all” uses first declension endings in the feminine: singular Nom. πᾶσα Gen. πάσης Dat. πάσῃ Acc. πᾶσαν Voc. = Nom. plural Nom. πᾶσαι Gen. πασῶν Dat. πάσαις Acc. πάσας Voc. = Nom. stem: πάντ-  πάασ-  πᾶσ-

15 Shelmerdine Chapter 20 3. The adjective πᾶς The adjective πᾶς πᾶσα πᾶν “all” uses third declension endings in the neuter: singular Nom. πᾶν Gen. πάντος Dat. πάντι Acc. = nom. Voc. = nom. plural Nom. πάντα Gen. πάντων Dat. πᾶσι Acc. = nom. Voc. = nom. nom. sg.: παντ  πάαν  πᾶν dat. pl.: παντσι  πασι

16 Shelmerdine Chapter 20 3. The adjective πᾶς The adjective πᾶς πᾶσα πᾶν “all” translates differently depending on position and article: attributive: “whole” ἡ πᾶσα χώρα the whole country predicate: “all” πᾶσαι αἱ χῶραι all the countries no article (singular): “every” πᾶσα χώρα every country

17 Shelmerdine Chapter 20 1.Adjectives of the σώφρων and ἀληθής types 2.Adjectives of the ἡ δ ύ ς type 3.The adjective πᾶς 4.The liquid future (2 nd principal part) 5.The liquid aorist (3 rd principal part) 6.Review of liquid future and aorist forms

18 Shelmerdine Chapter 20 4. The liquid future (2 nd principal part) Verbs with a stem ending in λ, μ, ν, or ρ cannot add the σ which normally marks the future, so they add an ε, which then contracts like an – εω verb. Unlike contractions in the present, the future principal part is listed in its contracted form. –μένω, μενῶ, ἔμεινα This future might also be deponent. –πίπτω, πεσοῦμαι, ἔπεσον

19 Shelmerdine Chapter 20 1.Adjectives of the σώφρων and ἀληθής types 2.Adjectives of the ἡ δ ύ ς type 3.The adjective πᾶς 4.The liquid future (2 nd principal part) 5.The liquid aorist (3 rd principal part) 6.Review of liquid future and aorist forms

20 Shelmerdine Chapter 20 5. The liquid aorist (3 rd principal part) Verbs with a stem ending in λ, μ, ν, or ρ cannot add the σ which normally marks the 1 st (weak) aorist, so they omit the σ and lengthen the stem vowel instead. –μένω, μενῶ, ἔμεινα Otherwise, the forms of this aorist are the same as for any 1 st (weak) aorist.

21 Shelmerdine Chapter 20 1.Adjectives of the σώφρων and ἀληθής types 2.Adjectives of the ἡ δ ύ ς type 3.The adjective πᾶς 4.The liquid future (2 nd principal part) 5.The liquid aorist (3 rd principal part) 6.Review of liquid future and aorist forms –page 133 lists some verbs which have liquid and/or future aorists.

22 Shelmerdine Chapter 20 for next class (Monday, February 7, 2011): Quiz: vocabulary –Adjectives: omit βραδ ύ ς, ε ὐ γεν ή ς, ε ὐ τυχ ή ς, σ ώ φρων. Prepare reading “Polycrates and the Ring 1: Advice from Amasis.”

23 Shelmerdine Chapter 20 Exam 1 (Wednesday, February 9, 2011): For a contract verb (principal parts given), write out all forms of the 1 st /2 nd /3 rd person, sing/pl, present/imperfect/aorist indicative/infinitive. Test will specify either active or middle. Write out the forms πᾶς (page 131).

24 Shelmerdine Chapter 20 Exam 1 (Wednesday, February 9, 2011): Translate a brief passage into clear, idiomatic English. Parse selected words from this passage.

25 Shelmerdine Chapter 20 ὁ Πολυκράτης, ὃς ἦν ὁ τῆς Σάμου τύραννος, ἦν δυνατώτατος· φιλίαν δὲ ἐποιήσατο πρὸς Ἄμασιν τὸν Αἰγύπτου βασιλέα· ἔπεμψεν οὖν δῶρα αὐτῷ καὶ ἄλλα ἐδέξατο παρ' αὐτοῦ. ἐν χρόνῳ δὲ ὀλίγῳ ὁ Πολυκράτης ἐστράτευε πανταχοῦ καὶ εὖ ἔπραττε τῇ στρατιᾷ· πολλῶν μὲν δὴ τῶν τε νήσων ἐκράτησε καὶ τῶν ἐν τῇ ἠπείρῳ πόλεων.

26 Shelmerdine Chapter 20 ὁ Πολυκράτης, ὃς ἦν ὁ τῆς Σάμου τύραννος, ἦν δυνατώτατος· φιλίαν δὲ ἐποιήσατο πρὸς Ἄμασιν τὸν Αἰγύπτου βασιλέα· ἔπεμψεν οὖν δῶρα αὐτῷ καὶ ἄλλα ἐδέξατο παρ' αὐτοῦ. ἐν χρόνῳ δὲ ὀλίγῳ ὁ Πολυκράτης ἐστράτευε πανταχοῦ καὶ εὖ ἔπραττε τῇ στρατιᾷ· πολλῶν μὲν δὴ τῶν τε νήσων ἐκράτησε καὶ τῶν ἐν τῇ ἠπείρῳ πόλεων.

27 Shelmerdine Chapter 20 ὁ Πολυκράτης, ὃς ἦν ὁ τῆς Σάμου τύραννος, ἦν δυνατώτατος· φιλίαν δὲ ἐποιήσατο πρὸς Ἄμασιν τὸν Αἰγύπτου βασιλέα· ἔπεμψεν οὖν δῶρα αὐτῷ καὶ ἄλλα ἐδέξατο παρ' αὐτοῦ. ἐν χρόνῳ δὲ ὀλίγῳ ὁ Πολυκράτης ἐστράτευε πανταχοῦ καὶ εὖ ἔπραττε τῇ στρατιᾷ· πολλῶν μὲν δὴ τῶν τε νήσων ἐκράτησε καὶ τῶν ἐν τῇ ἠπείρῳ πόλεων.

28 Shelmerdine Chapter 20 τῷ δὲ Ἄμασι ἡ τοῦ Πολυκράτους εὐτυχία βαρὺ ἄλγος ἦν. ἔγραψεν οὖν βραχεῖαν ἐπιστολὴν καὶ ἔπεμψεν εἰς Σάμον· Ἄμασις Πολυκράτει ὧδε λέγει. ἡδὺ μέν ἐστιν, ὦ φίλε, νομίζειν ἄνδρα φίλον καὶ ξένον εὖ πράττειν, ἐμοὶ δὲ αἱ σαὶ μεγάλαι εὐτυχίαι οὐκ ἀρέσκουσιν. εἰ γάρ τις ἀεὶ εὐτυχὴς ἐστιν, οἱ θεοὶ φθονοῦσιν. πείθου οὖν ἐμοὶ καὶ ὧδε ποίησον· τῶν σῶν κτημάτων τὸ πλείστου ἄξιον ἀπόβαλε.

29 Shelmerdine Chapter 20 τῷ δὲ Ἄμασι ἡ τοῦ Πολυκράτους εὐτυχία βαρὺ ἄλγος ἦν. ἔγραψεν οὖν βραχεῖαν ἐπιστολὴν καὶ ἔπεμψεν εἰς Σάμον· Ἄμασις Πολυκράτει ὧδε λέγει. ἡδὺ μέν ἐστιν, ὦ φίλε, νομίζειν ἄνδρα φίλον καὶ ξένον εὖ πράττειν, ἐμοὶ δὲ αἱ σαὶ μεγάλαι εὐτυχίαι οὐκ ἀρέσκουσιν. εἰ γάρ τις ἀεὶ εὐτυχὴς ἐστιν, οἱ θεοὶ φθονοῦσιν. πείθου οὖν ἐμοὶ καὶ ὧδε ποίησον· τῶν σῶν κτημάτων τὸ πλείστου ἄξιον ἀπόβαλε.

30 Shelmerdine Chapter 20 τῷ δὲ Ἄμασι ἡ τοῦ Πολυκράτους εὐτυχία βαρὺ ἄλγος ἦν. ἔγραψεν οὖν βραχεῖαν ἐπιστολὴν καὶ ἔπεμψεν εἰς Σάμον· Ἄμασις Πολυκράτει ὧδε λέγει. ἡδὺ μέν ἐστιν, ὦ φίλε, νομίζειν ἄνδρα φίλον καὶ ξένον εὖ πράττειν, ἐμοὶ δὲ αἱ σαὶ μεγάλαι εὐτυχίαι οὐκ ἀρέσκουσιν. εἰ γάρ τις ἀεὶ εὐτυχὴς ἐστιν, οἱ θεοὶ φθονοῦσιν. πείθου οὖν ἐμοὶ καὶ ὧδε ποίησον· τῶν σῶν κτημάτων τὸ πλείστου ἄξιον ἀπόβαλε.

31 Shelmerdine Chapter 20 ὁ δὲ Πολυκράτης δέχεται τὴν ἐπιστολὴν καὶ ἀναγιγνώσκει · ἦν δ' αὐτῷ σφραγὶς σμαράγδου λίθου χρυσόδετος. ἐπεὶ οὖν ἐδόκει αὐτῷ ἀποβαλεῖν, ἐποίει ὧδε· ταχεῖαν ναῦν πληροῖ ἀνδρῶν καὶ αὐτὸς εἰσβαίνει εἰς αὐτήν, μετὰ δὲ ἀναγαγεῖν κελεύει τοὺς ναύτας εἰς τὸ εὐρὺ πέλαγος· ὡς δὲ ἀπὸ τῆς νήσου ἑκάς εἰσιν, βάλλει τὴν σφραγῖδα εἰς τὸ πέλαγος.

32 Shelmerdine Chapter 20 ὁ δὲ Πολυκράτης δέχεται τὴν ἐπιστολὴν καὶ ἀναγιγνώσκει · ἦν δ' αὐτῷ σφραγὶς σμαράγδου λίθου χρυσόδετος. ἐπεὶ οὖν ἐδόκει αὐτῷ ἀποβαλεῖν, ἐποίει ὧδε· ταχεῖαν ναῦν πληροῖ ἀνδρῶν καὶ αὐτὸς εἰσβαίνει εἰς αὐτήν, μετὰ δὲ ἀναγαγεῖν κελεύει τοὺς ναύτας εἰς τὸ εὐρὺ πέλαγος· ὡς δὲ ἀπὸ τῆς νήσου ἑκάς εἰσιν, βάλλει τὴν σφραγῖδα εἰς τὸ πέλαγος.

33 Shelmerdine Chapter 20 ὁ δὲ Πολυκράτης δέχεται τὴν ἐπιστολὴν καὶ ἀναγιγνώσκει · ἦν δ' αὐτῷ σφραγὶς σμαράγδου λίθου χρυσόδετος. ἐπεὶ οὖν ἐδόκει αὐτῷ ἀποβαλεῖν, ἐποίει ὧδε· ταχεῖαν ναῦν πληροῖ ἀνδρῶν καὶ αὐτὸς εἰσβαίνει εἰς αὐτήν, μετὰ δὲ ἀναγαγεῖν κελεύει τοὺς ναύτας εἰς τὸ εὐρὺ πέλαγος· ὡς δὲ ἀπὸ τῆς νήσου ἑκάς εἰσιν, βάλλει τὴν σφραγῖδα εἰς τὸ πέλαγος.

34 Shelmerdine Chapter 20 44 εἶπεν δὲ πρὸς αὐτούς, Οὗτοι οἱ λόγοι μου οὓς ἐλάλησα πρὸς ὑμᾶς ἔτι ὢν σὺν ὑμῖν, ὅτι δεῖ πληρωθῆναι πάντα τὰ γεγραμμένα ἐν τῷ νόμῳ Μωϋσέως καὶ τοῖς προφήταις καὶ ψαλμοῖς περὶ ἐμοῦ. 45 τότε διήνοιξεν αὐτῶν τὸν νοῦν τοῦ συνιέναι τὰς γραφάς. γεγραμμένα (nom. pl. neut. perf. part. pass.) “which was written” γραφή -ῆς ἡ scripture διανοίγω open up εἶπεν (3 rd sg aor. indic. act.) say λαλέω talk, say Μωϋσῆς Μωϋσέως ὁ Moses νοῦς νοῦ ὁ mind πληρόω fill, fulfill προφήτης –ου ὁ prophet συνίημι understand τοῦ συνιέναι toward understanding ψαλμός –οῦ ὁ psalm ὤν (masc. nom. sg. pres. part. act.) “while I was”

35 Shelmerdine Chapter 20 46 καὶ εἶπεν αὐτοῖς ὅτι Οὕτως γέγραπται παθεῖν τὸν Χριστὸν καὶ ἀναστῆναι ἐκ νεκρῶν τῇ τρίτῃ ἡμέρᾳ, 47 καὶ κηρυχθῆναι ἐπὶ τῷ ὀνόματι αὐτοῦ μετάνοιαν καὶ ἄφεσιν ἁμαρτιῶν εἰς πάντα τὰ ἔθνη - ἀρξάμενοι ἀπὸ Ἰερουσαλήμ· 48 ὑμεῖς μάρτυρες τούτων. Εὐαγγέλιον κατὰ Λουκᾶν 24.44-49 ἁμαρτία –ας ἡ sin ἀναστῆναι (aor. inf. act.) stand up ἄφεσις –εως ἡ absolution ἀρξάμενοι ( masc. nom. pl. pres. mid. part. ) “beginning” γέγραπται 3 rd sg. perf. indic. pass. “it was written” γραφή -ῆς ἡ scripture κηρύττω proclaim ἔθνος –ους τό people, nation εἶπεν (3 rd sg aor. indic. act.) say μάρτυς –τυρος ὁ witness, martyr μετάνοια –ας ἡ conversion νεκρός –ά -όν dead οὕτως this way παθεῖν (aor. inf. act.) < πάσχω “suffer” τούτων of these things τρίτος -η -ον third