Διατροφικές συνήθειες των νέων και Μεσογειακή Διατροφή Διατροφικές συνήθειες των νέων και Μεσογειακή Διατροφή Δήμος Νικόλαος Διαιτολόγος-Διατροφολόγος

Είμαστε ότι τρώμε; Είμαστε μια χημική μηχανή Τα καύσιμα που επιλέγουμε επηρεάζουν την απόδοσή μας και την υγεία μας Η σωστή διατροφή δεν αφορά μόνο τα υπέρβαρα παιδιά!! USDA has had a long history with food guidance dating back into the early 20th century. Looking back over this history, many different food guides have been used. They represented health and nutrition concerns of the time when they were introduced. For example, In the 1940’s the wartime food guide promoted eating foods that provided the vitamins and minerals needed to prevent deficiencies. In the 1950’s-1960’s the 7 food groups were simplified into a “Food for Fitness” guide, which was commonly called “The Basic Four.” By the later 1970’s, concerns about dietary excess lead USDA to issue “The Hassle-Free Daily Food Guide,” which included a “caution” group of fats, sweets, and alcohol. All of these food guides preceded the introduction of the original Food Guide Pyramid in 1992. NOTE TO PRESENTER: The food guides pictured above are-- 1916: Food for Young Children 1940s (1946): National Food Guide (commonly called “The Basic Seven”) 1950s-1960s (1956): Food for Fitness—A Daily Food Guide (commonly called “The Basic Four”) 1970s (1979): Hassle-Free Guide to a Better Diet 1992: Food Guide Pyramid 2005: MyPyramid

Πρωταθλητές στην παχυσαρκία!! Πρόσφατη μελέτη ελλήνων επιστημόνων κατέδειξε ότι οι ελληνόπαιδες ξεπέρασαν σε βάρος ακόμη και τα παιδιά των ΗΠΑ, τα οποία επί σειρά ετών ήταν τα πλέον παχύσαρκα παιδιά του πλανήτη! The original Food Guide Pyramid became so widely recognized that many believed it had been the foundation of USDA’s guidance for 40 years, or more. In fact, though, it was only 13 years old when it was updated and transformed into MyPyramid. (CLICK FOR TRANSITION EFFECT TO NEXT SLIDE)

Γίνονται αυτά τα πράγματα? ≠

Διατροφική συμπεριφορά των εφήβων Η δομή και τα χαρακτηριστικά της οικογένειας και κυρίως οι διαιτητικές συνήθειες των γονιών Η διαφήμιση Οι κοινωνικές και πολιτιστικές αξίες καθώς και τα σωματικά πρότυπα ( τα οποία προωθούνται από την βιομηχανία ρούχων και τα περιοδικά μόδας) Η εικόνα του σώματος Οι προσωπικές εμπειρίες Η γεύση και η εμφάνιση των τροφίμων Η ευκολία παρασκευής και η διαθεσιμότητα των τροφίμων MyPyramid was released in April 2005. MyPyramid retains all the food groups from the original Pyramid, but it also includes a graphic representation of physical activity—an important additional recommendation for a healthy way of life.

Η μόνη μας ελπίδα :Μεσογειακή Διατροφή One reason the food guidance system was revised was to ensure that the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s (USDA) food guidance system reflected the latest nutritional science. Since the release of the original Pyramid in 1992, new standards for nutrient intakes, the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs), were established by the National Academy of Sciences Institute of Medicine; the 2005 Dietary Guidelines were released; and new data became available on food consumption and food composition data. The revision to the food guidance system has paralleled and was coordinated with the development of the 2005 Dietary Guidelines for Americans, which USDA and the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) released in January 2005.

Πρωινό Πρέπει να περιλαμβάνει: Φρούτα ή χυμό Γαλακτοκομικά Δημητριακά ή ψωμί ολικής αλέσεως Μέλι, αβγό, ξηρούς καρπούς, αποξ. φρούτα The second reason to revise the food guidance system was to help consumers more effectively put the guidance into action. The new food guidance system is made up of motivational and educational tools. The motivational tools are the new graphic and the slogan. The educational tools include the education framework, consumer messages, print materials, a website with detailed nutrition information, as well as interactive tools to help consumers personalize their diets.

Ενδιάμεσα γεύματα Φρούτα, γιατί το χρώμα είναι στην μόδα!! Κουλούρι, πίτα, κέικ, γιαούρτι, δημητριακά και ξηρούς καρπούς Πείτε ΌΧΙ στα αναψυκτικά

Μεσημεριανό Καταναλώνουμε μέσα στην εβδομάδα λαδερά, όσπρια, ζυμαρικά, ψάρια, κοτόπουλο και λιγότερο κόκκινο κρέας Συνοδεύουμε με λαχανικά-σαλάτες , τυρί και ψωμί Χρησιμοποιήστε λεμόνι, μπαχαρικά και λιγότερο αλάτι

Βραδινό Μικρή μερίδα από το μεσημεριανό γεύμα. Τοστ με 1 ποτήρι γάλα. Γάλα με δημητριακά. 1 κομμάτι πίτα. 1 γιαούρτι με μέλι. Σαλάτα με 1 αυγό βραστό και 1 φέτα ψωμί. The Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) were issued by the National Academy of Sciences Institute of Medicine. The DRIs include recommendations for 50 nutrients, which include 14 vitamins, 18 minerals, and 18 macronutrients and food components. Thus far the National Academy of Sciences, Institute of Medicine, has issued a total of eight reports with 6 containing information on recommendations and 2 on information for assessment and planning on dietary intakes. NOTE TO PRESENTER: The following are the titles of the eight reports— 1. DRIs for Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium, Vitamin D, and Fluoride (1997) 2. DRIs for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline (1998) 3. DRIs for Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Selenium, and Carotenoids (2000) 4. DRIs Applications in Dietary Planning (2000) 5. DRIs for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc (2001) 6. Prepublication copy of DRIs for Energy, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Fat, Fatty Acids, Cholesterol, Protein, and Amino Acids (2002) 7. DRIs Applications in Dietary Planning (2003) 8. Prepublication copy of DRIs for Water, Potassium, Sodium, Chloride, and Sulfate (2004)

Μια μέρα από την ζωή μας Πρωινό: 1 ποτήρι γάλα με ψωμί μέλι μπανάνα Δεκατιανό: 1 φρούτο και 1 μπάρα δημητριακών ή 1 κουλούρι Μεσημεριανό: Το φαγητό της μαμάς!!, σαλάτα, τυρί και ψωμί Απόγευμα: 1 χυμός Βραδινό: 1 ποτήρι γάλα και ένα σάντουϊτς με τυρί ντομάτα

Τα παιδιά δεν κάνουν δίαιτα!! The Dietary Guidelines are issued every 5 years. The latest edition was issued in January 2005. The Dietary Guidelines provide science-based advice on dietary recommendations to prevent disease through a healthy diet and physical activity. In 2003, USDA and the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) convened a Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee, composed of experts in the fields of nutrition and health, to review the latest scientific and medical research. The Committee then completed a scientific report, which is the primary resource used by USDA and HHS to develop the Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2005, a policy document for policymakers and health professionals. NOTE TO PRESENTER: For more information about the Report of the Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee on the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2005, see: (http://www.health.gov/dietaryguidelines/dga2005/report/) Also for more information on the Dietary Guidelines for the professional please see: (http://www.health.gov/dietaryguidelines/dga2005/toolkit/)

Συχνή άσκηση Η ζωή είναι έξω από τις οθόνες Η άσκηση είναι υγεία Βοηθά να χτίσουμε ένα γερό σώμα και μυαλό Διατηρούμε εύκολα το βάρος μας This slide shows graphically how these recommendations and implementation tools relate to each other. The Dietary Reference Intakes nutrient-based recommendations are the starting point for all of the recommendations and tools shown. They were used as a major source of information by the Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee in developing their science-based report. The Dietary Guidelines for Americans was then developed based on the Committee report. These all provide the basis for many consumer tools, which include those shown here: the MyPyramid food guidance system, Finding Your Way to a Healthier You (the Dietary Guidelines consumer brochure), and the Nutrition Facts Label. The Nutrition Facts Label is currently based on previous editions of the Dietary Guidelines and on the Recommended Dietary Allowances, which preceded the DRI reports. Future updates to the label will be based on the current recommendations. As you can see MyPyramid is based not only on the Dietary Guidelines but also on the Dietary Reference Intakes and the Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee Report.

Διατροφικές Διαταραχές Ανορεξία καθαρτικού τύπου Ανορεξία περιοριστικού τύπου Νευρική Βουλιμία Αδηφαγία Ορθορεξία Now that everyone has heard about the background behind the pyramid the rest of this presentation focuses on MyPyramid and its development, its components, and its uses.

Ανορεξία - χαρακτηριστικά σημάδια Ανορεξία - χαρακτηριστικά σημάδια Έντονος φόβος για το φυσιολογικό βάρος Απώλεια βάρους ή ιδιαίτερα χαμηλό βάρος Απώλεια έμμηνου ρύσης (3 κύκλοι) Τελετουργική στάση ως προς το φαγητό Εμετοί ή υπεργυμναστική

Επιπτώσεις στο ανθρώπινο σώμα Νευρική Ανορεξία Γαστρεντερικά προβλήματα Οστεοπόρωση Προβλήματα συγκέντρωσης-μείωση όγκου εγκεφάλου Lanugo Αύξηση εμμονών- νευρικότητα Ορμονικά προβλήματα Πτώση ανοσοποιητικού, Αναιμία Βραδυκαρδία αρρυθμίες Ενδοκρινολογικές ανωμαλίες θάνατος 16

Νευρική Βουλιμία -επιπτώσεις Χαρακτηρίζεται από επεισόδια υπερφαγίας που συνοδεύονται από αντισταθμιστικές μεθόδους (εμετούς, καθαρτικά, διουρητικά) προκειμένου να αποφευχθεί η πρόσληψη βάρους

Επιπτώσεις στο ανθρώπινο σώμα Βουλιμία -εμετοί Γαστρεντερικά προβλήματα Οισοφαγίτιδες Διάβρωση δοντιών Πνιγμός Εγκεφαλικό Αρρυθμίες Οστεοπόρωση Παχυσαρκία Δυσκοιλιότητα Εθισμός 18

Συμπεράσματα Αγαπάμε τον εαυτό μας Φροντίζουμε το σώμα μας Δεν κάνουμε δίαιτες! Μαθαίνουμε να τρώμε σωστά Cool μας κάνουν οι καλές επιλογές Γυμναζόμαστε τακτικά Σας ευχαριστώ The guiding principles that underlie the development of MyPyramid are the same as they were for the original Food Guide Pyramid. The bottom three blocks contain the three main focus areas [CLICK FOR ANIMATION]—overall health, up-to-date research, and total diet. [Overall health]—MyPyramid is designed to promote well-being to maintain and improve overall health, rather than focus on a particular disease or condition. [Up-to-date research]—MyPyramid is based on up-to-date research so that the guidance recommends appropriate levels of nutrients and other food components consistent with current scientific knowledge [Total diet]—MyPyramid focuses on an overall diet, not just the foundation of nutrients needed. A total diet is balanced in essential nutrients while also specifying limits on other food components such as fats, cholesterol, and calories. Previous food guides (before the original Pyramid) established foundation diets that were designed to meet needs for essential nutrients and allowed anything else (such as fats or sugars) to be eaten in addition. The center blocks [CLICK FOR ANIMATION] identify principles that help to make the guidance useful, practical, realistic and flexible. [Useful]—The guide should target an audience and should build upon their previous knowledge and food guides [Realistic]—Nutrient needs should be met from commonly consumed foods rather than from foods only rich in those particular nutrients [Flexibility]—Consumers should be able to make choices among foods so that they can eat foods they like, while still meeting nutritional goals [Practical]—The guide should allow varying nutritional needs to be met by varying amounts served, rather than by selection of different foods The top block [CLICK FOR ANIMATION] notes the need to allow for evolution of the current guide—with time, changes will and can be made. A new food guide should be built on the success and concepts of previous guides. The release of MyPyramid is the first major evolution of USDA’s food guide since the original Pyramid, and it demonstrates how a new guide can change and yet build on previous success.