6 th and 9 th century a.C. monasteries  centers of secular and theological education  liberal arts: triviumtrivium (rhetoric, grammar and conversation(or rationality)) and quadriviumquadrivium (arithmetic, geometry, astronomy and music) teachers  monks 2 THE EDUCATION IN MIDDLE AGES AND RELATIVE JOBS

Scholastikistes teachers-monks  theological philosophy, provides logical basis to the Christian doctrine (meticulous method) 3 THE EDUCATION IN MIDDLE AGES AND RELATIVE JOBS 9 th - 12 th century A.D.

 Charlemagne - Carolingian "Renaissance"  Strengthening of the monastic schools  The creation of new schools all around the country, except for the Church  Reorganization of the replication system of rare books (copiers)  The creation of the Carolingian minuscule  The modification of the Latin language in Medieval Latin (grammarians)  The increase of the number of educated people  Teachers  priests THE EDUCATION IN MIDDLE AGES AND RELATIVE JOBS 4 9 th -12 th century A.D.

urban Episcopal schools Cathedral schools  «seven liberal arts»  trivium + quadrivium, method of investigation  commentary  explanatory comments (glosses) Teachers  cosmic 'clergy' 5 THE EDUCATION IN MIDDLE AGES AND RELATIVE JOBS

 same curriculum  same language, Latin.  schools in the city and in the surroundings First season  liberal arts  trivium (grammar, rhetoric, rational)  quadrivium (music, astronomy, geometry, arithmetic) · Second season:  medicine, theology, philosophy and legal with civil and Ecclesiastical Law (Cosmic Law or Roman Law, Corpus Juris Civilis, Canon Law, namely Ecclesiastical Law).  Professors  priests and laymen 6 THE EDUCATION IN MIDDLE AGES AND RELATIVE JOBS

7

Six-year preparation in the "liberal arts" (artes liberales) (common element of all Universities).  - Teaching "liberal arts"  artista -studying theology, law or medicine.  - Successful tests in their field -formal admission to the "union of teachers."  Professor of higher education(Theology, law or medicine)  magister (doctor,professor) The medieval University without a fixed office  eminently kinetic institution (higlily mobile institution), as the mid-13th century.,  European dimension. permanence of position  national dimension State and church positions for theologians and lawyers, THE EDUCATION IN MIDDLE AGES AND RELATIVE JOBS 8 Development of a teacher

universitas = union, guild - students and teachers - leasing of premises and halls. - independence and autonomy of secular and ecclesiastical power (university asylum) THE EDUCATION IN MIDDLE AGES AND RELATIVE JOBS 9

10 THE EDUCATION IN MIDDLE AGES AND RELATIVE JOBS

 "Scholars of the Middle Ages"  traded the goods of God, the science.  Taught in schools  their work  teaching and research, meditation and writing. THE EDUCATION IN MIDDLE AGES AND RELATIVE JOBS th -15 th century WESTERN EUROPE

THE EDUCATION IN MIDDLE AGES AND RELATIVE JOBS 12 ANSELMOS UNIVERSITY TEACHERS

 Clerics, gradually laymen  Aristocracy of spirit  Sometimes dissenter intellectuals, almost heretics  Pioneers of the rebirth of spirit  Goliards road intellectuals THE EDUCATION IN MIDDLE AGES AND RELATIVE JOBS 13 UNIVERSITY TEACHERS

 Offered training to workers and craftsmen  They checked the education and examination procedures. 1. Master(artisan, craftsman) 2. Apprentice  Tests to craftsman  -Adequate professional experience -Education and examinations  Craftsman, with independent small industry or workshop and apprentices. THE EDUCATION IN MIDDLE AGES AND RELATIVE JOBS 14 GUILDS

THE EDUCATION IN MIDDLE AGES AND RELATIVE JOBS 15 UNIVESRITAS Manufacturers of clothing and upholstery

DIVIDED IN 3 CATEGORIES A)Cosmic Education B)Ecclesiastic education C)Monastic education 16 THE EDUCATION IN MIDDLE AGES AND RELATIVE JOBS

 Optional study  Private or church schools  Tuition payment with things or money  Houses, churches or monasteries as school buildings.  Punishment for pupils (stick, withe). THE EDUCATION IN MIDDLE AGES AND RELATIVE JOBS 17

 A)Elementary Education  B)Secondary education  C)Higher education 18 THE EDUCATION IN MIDDLE AGES AND RELATIVE JOBS BYZANTINE EDUCATUION

 Under the supervision of the church, religious education beginning  From 6-8 to 12 years old and duration from 3 to 4 years  4 classes (from morning till afternoon) 1h -2h reading, writing, 3h -4h dictation, grammar, arithmetic, stories from the Bible, Homer and Aesop’s fables, psalmody, Religious studies  the centre of elementary education though the sacred texts, the Psaltery and the Bible.  Teacher  the grammarian or schoolmaster or educator,  Without typical qualifications  Strictness  Endless repetition and memorize  Educative  Teaching from the easier to the more difficult lessons,  private citizen, clergyman and monk  classroom  the grammarian’s house, churches or monastery cells. 19 THE EDUCATION IN MIDDLE AGES AND RELATIVE JOBS BYZANTINE EDUCATUION

 General education  From 10 to 12 years old duration 4-5 years  Under the state supervision  Few schools (were established : By the emperor, the local bishops, the monasteries  Two courses (goes back to the classical Greece)  grammar A)Tritys  rhetoric (necessary to clerg men and political)  philosophy (logical,Moral,Domatic,Metaphysical)  Arithmetic  Geometry B)Tetraktys  Astronomy  Music  Religious education from a clergyman at the same time  Specialized church schools 20 THE EDUCATION IN MIDDLE AGES AND RELATIVE JOBS BYZANTINE EDUCATUION

 Grammarian or maistros or schoolmaster  More knowledgeable private teacher,  More well-paid  Layman  Looked after the pupils’ career  Readers  the Homeric epics the Bible.  Method  memorization,copying, text commentary  No schools from the girls avalble  Very few education women (Ypatia) THE EDUCATION IN MIDDLE AGES AND RELATIVE JOBS 21 BYZANTINE EDUCATUION

THE EDUCATION IN MIDDLE AGES AND RELATIVE JOBS 22

1. Teacher 2. "Paideytis"  Teacher  Schoolteachers and students voted  The emperor himself signed the nomination. THE EDUCATION IN MIDDLE AGES AND RELATIVE JOBS 23

They wrote on plates spread with candle or with pen. on kontyli and extinguished with sponge. on wooden plates, schedaria. on papyruses and parchments with the "kalamon" using black ink and a knife as a sharpener on paper from the 11th century rolls  wrapped manuscripts codes  the first kind of book notebooks  books with 3 or 6 folded sheets books  stapling many exercise books covers covers  plates from wood or from ivory, golden or silver. marsipos  their bag. 24 THE EDUCATION IN MIDDLE AGES AND RELATIVE JOBS

25 SCHOOL SUPPLIES BYZANTINE EDUCATION BRASS PEN bite plate and kokkalino kontylies ink pot the “kotsia” (anklebones)

- buildings in the centre of the city - small and usually without windows - preceptorial throne - desks did not exist and the students sat: on wooden tall chairs, ramps on "skimpodes" / stools on the floor or on the skin of animals -"analogio" for the books - signs in the walls: "Fear God but honour your parents" - horologe did not exist - remote students, orphans or kids from other nationalities lived in the school - in the monasterial schools monks studied, copied and taught other monks - the school programs and the school methods remained immutable in entirethe Byzantine period 26 THE EDUCATION IN MIDDLE AGES AND RELATIVE JOBS

27 A teacher and his students during the lesson

 under the monitoring of Church and State  from 15 roughly years, duration 5 years.  schoolteachers  speakers or sophists possessed an established seat were named and remunerated by the local Parliament worked privately and lived from the tuition fees  wealthy students Subjects  Rhetorical  Philosophy - dialectic (logic, dogmatic and metaphysics) with start and finish line Aristotle and Platon  "Tetraktys" (arithmetic, geometry, astronomy, music)  Physics  Zoology  Botanic  Geography. THE EDUCATION IN MIDDLE AGES AND RELATIVE JOBS 28

THE EDUCATION IN MIDDLE AGES AND RELATIVE JOBS 29

 Istamboul's "Pandidaktirio"  governmental University (425) that combined the operations of high school and academic faculty under state supervision  professors  public and private individuals (they did not use public rooms)  strict test  irreproachable morality and behavior  first among the senior officers of the state.  aim: education of government owned employees  courses: literature, rhetorical, Roman Law, grammatical, philosophy  Patriarchiki Faculty  Theology THE EDUCATION IN MIDDLE AGES AND RELATIVE JOBS 30

 Magnauras' University.  For superior government owned employees of the empire. LESSONS: grammatical, literature, philosophy, rhetorical, mathematics, Roman Law, Natural Sciences, Latin and Greek language, PROFESSORS: Leon the mathematician patriarch Fotios, Konstantine-Kurilos.  the professors were payed from the state  teaching in Greek  free schooling for the diligent.  Greek professors  Local and foreign students  Universities that combined the teaching and the research did not exist in the Byzantium THE EDUCATION IN MIDDLE AGES AND RELATIVE JOBS 31

THE EDUCATION IN MIDDLE AGES AND RELATIVE JOBS 32

 Space and way of education  Three level Structure:  craftsman,  “kalfas”  craftsman's assistant,  Minion (cirak)  learner,  he was not paid for two years,  from the third very low wage.  the apprenticeship was necessary THE EDUCATION IN MIDDLE AGES AND RELATIVE JOBS 33

THE EDUCATION IN MIDDLE AGES AND RELATIVE JOBS 34

THE EDUCATION IN MIDDLE AGES AND RELATIVE JOBS 35 Teachers, copiers, librarians, philologists authors They rescued the ancient Greek spirit via Byzantium and Renaissance Europe until today