REACHING INTO ROMANS #5 From the Life God Gives (Romans 5-8) to the Life a Believer Lives (Romans 12-16)

Word Counts of the Key Terms from 1:17 in Romans 12-16 Romans 9-11ans-1 Romans 12-16 Total Righteous words 11 1 56 Faith words 16 10 66 Live words 3 8 41

Paul’s 3-Part Theology Just as in: The 10 Words and Israel 1) Law OR 2) Gospel 3) Then Response Just as in: The 10 Words and Israel 700 points day 1 Luther Video 18 minutes in at http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cuT-SDDdRVU World Series (next slides)

Why the 10 Words = Decalogue? In Jewish tradition, the 1st is NOT a command, but a Gospel WORD of saving grace: “I am Yahweh, your God, who brought you out of Egypt, out of the land of slavery” (Exodus 20:2). The other 9 tell Israel and us how to live in response to grace!

The World Series: ALL 7 Games If a team won games 1-4, would it matter how they played games 5-7? No, but I think they’d play well 1) As the champions they already are 2) In support of their teammates 3) With the world watching

The Christian Life By nature, we are inept, error prone losers who strike out a lot Jesus came and won games 1-4 for us His Spirit drafted us onto Jesus’ team “We are more than conquerors through him who loved us” (Romans 8:37). Now we are playing out games 5-7 in his name. Does how we live matter?

NO, just don’t quit the team, and…. YES! It matters to HIM & Others! So let’s live…. 1) As the joyful champions we are 2) In support of our teammates 3) Knowing the world is watching 4) With “Thanks to God who gives us the victory through our Lord Jesus Christ” (1 Corinthians 15:57).

The World Series: ALL 7 Games If a team won games 1-4, would it matter how they played games 5-7? No, but I think they’d play well 1) As the champions they already are 2) In support of their teammates 3) With the world watching

The Christian Life By nature, we are inept, error prone losers who strike out a lot Jesus came and won games 1-4 for us His Spirit drafted us onto Jesus’ team “We are more than conquerors through him who loved us” (Romans 8:37). Now we are playing out games 5-7 in his name. Does how we live matter?

NO, just don’t quit the team, and YES! It matters to HIM & Others! So let’s live…. 1) As the joyful champions we are 2) In support of our teammates 3) Knowing the world is watching 4) With “Thanks to God who gives us the victory through our Lord Jesus Christ” (1 Corinthians 15:57).

Praise we sing to the Father Praise we sing to the Son Praise to the Spirit who makes us one Praises be sung to our God, Three-in-One! SO WE LIVE TO HONOR OUR SAVIOR Let ev’ry tongue proclaim Tha-at “Jesus Christ is Lord” Bless His Holy Name!

In RESPONSE, are you like a trumpet or a singer? “From this it follows that as soon as the Holy Spirit has initiated his work of regeneration and renewal in us through the Word and the holy sacraments, it is certain that we can and must cooperate by the power of the Holy Spirit, even though we still do so in great weakness” (Formula of Concord, SD II 65; cited p. 511, 1199; also my “The New Obedience.” Concordia Journal 41:3 [Summer, 2015], 201-19).

Responses to the Law (aka God telling you what to do/not do) Ignore (1:23, 25) Rebel (1:32) Self-Righteousness (2:1, 17, 23) Deceived (7:7-11) Despair (7:24) Substitute (8:1-4) (Living) Sacrifice (12:1)

Imperatives in Romans ….and in our teaching/preaching? Romans 1-11 has 13 imperatives. But aside from the 5 in 6:11-19, Romans 1-10 has only 1, with God as the subject! Walther quote. Romans 12-16 has 49 imperatives (see pp. 1193-1202)

Walther on Romans “What do we find in the first three chapters? The sharpest preaching of the Law. This is followed, towards the end of the third chapter and in chapters 4 and 5, by the doctrine of justification—nothing but that. Beginning at chapter 6, the apostle treats nothing else than sanctification. Here we have a true pattern of the correct sequence: first the Law, threatening men with the wrath of God; next the Gospel, announcing the comforting promises of God. This is followed by instruction regarding things we do after we have become new man” (Walther, Law and Gospel, 93).

Other Imperative Counts Ephesians 1-3 (1) Ephesians 4-6 (40) Colossians 1-2 (4) 3-4 (26) Philippians 1-2 (7) 3-4 (18) Galatians 1-4 (7) 5-6 (13) 1 Thess. 1-4 (1) 5-6 (18)

12:1-2 Romans 12:1 Παρακαλῶ οὖν ὑμᾶς, ἀδελφοί, διὰ τῶν οἰκτιρμῶν τοῦ θεοῦ παραστῆσαι τὰ σώματα ὑμῶν θυσίαν ζῶσαν ἁγίαν εὐάρεστον τῷ θεῷ, τὴν λογικὴν λατρείαν ὑμῶν· 2 καὶ μὴ συσχηματίζεσθε τῷ αἰῶνι τούτῳ, ἀλλὰ μεταμορφοῦσθε τῇ ἀνακαινώσει τοῦ νοὸς εἰς τὸ δοκιμάζειν ὑμᾶς τί τὸ θέλημα τοῦ θεοῦ, τὸ ἀγαθὸν καὶ εὐάρεστον καὶ τέλειον.

12:9-13:10 η ἀγάπη ἀνυπόκριτος Romans 12-13 12:1-2 Oxymorons “Living sacrifices” in response to God’s mercies and together as God’s people 12:3-8 Using Gifts to serve in the Body of Christ 12:9-13:10 η ἀγάπη ἀνυπόκριτος 13:1-7 Government (Rome) 13:8-10 Authentic love fulfills the Law! 13:11-14 Awaiting the Day!

Temple of Asclepius, God of Healing, at Corinth

In the NT these 2 normally occur OUTSIDE the context of the gathered community of believers (see 10:8,14-15). Κηρύσσω = proclaim, herald as a town crier to unbelievers Τo translate “preach” does not communicate this in our culture. Who does it/where? Εὐαγγελίζομαι = share good news; evangelistic (10:15)

Romans 12 – 7 Gifts, a mix of speaking and acting. Remember, when believers are gathered, the NT usually says they get (12:6,7): διδάσκω = instruction προφητεύω = taking God’s Word and making it relevant/applying it DATA: see pages 1017-25

13:1-7 Earthly Authorities If they fulfill the basic functions of _________ & __________, submit as Jesus affirms in Matthew 22:21 (see also 1 Peter 2:13-14; 1 Timothy 2:1-3). What if corrupt? Note Moo’s helpful distinction between “submit” and “obey.” There is a higher authority (Acts 5:29)

2) The Christ OF Culture (blend in, conform, “when in Rome….”) The Relationship between the Kingdom of God/Heaven and the Kingdoms of this World (based on R. Niebuhr, Christ and Culture). Which of these 5 is BEST? 1) Christ AGAINST Culture (monastic, ascetic, Amish) 2) The Christ OF Culture (blend in, conform, “when in Rome….”)

3) Christ ABOVE Culture (spiritual rules the secular; Roman Catholic Church in Middle Ages) 4) Christ the TRANSFORMER of Culture (makes the whole culture Christian; Radical Reformation; “a Christian America”) 5) Christ and Culture in PARADOX (Luther and “Two Kingdoms;” in both at the same time)

13:8 Μηδενὶ μηδὲν ὀφείλετε εἰ μὴ τὸ ἀλλήλους ἀγαπᾶν· ὁ γὰρ ἀγαπῶν τὸν ἕτερον νόμον πεπλήρωκεν. 9 τὸ γὰρ οὐ μοιχεύσεις, οὐ φονεύσεις, οὐ κλέψεις, οὐκ ἐπιθυμήσεις, καὶ εἴ τις ἑτέρα ἐντολή, ἐν τῷ λόγῳ τούτῳ ἀνακεφαλαιοῦται [ἐν τῷ]· ἀγαπήσεις τὸν πλησίον σου ὡς σεαυτόν. 10 ἡ ἀγάπη τῷ πλησίον κακὸν οὐκ ἐργάζεται· πλήρωμα οὖν νόμου ἡ ἀγάπη.

Romans 13:8-10 12:9-13:10 = authentic Love. 13:8-10 shows that: Law without Love = a Pharisee Love without the Law = a Post-Modernist This is clearly 3rd use or, as I’d say, defining the proper response to the Gospel which fulfills God’s intent with the Law. A final motivation for authentic love is...

Green Light = the Bible says are ___; Do Them! Red Light = Issues the Bible says are _____, so… (e.g., 1:23-31; 13:12-13) Green Light = the Bible says are ___; Do Them! (e.g, 12:4-13:10, 14) Yellow Light = The Bible doesn’t say = Adiaphora. Proceed with _______! Jew and Gentile issues regarding foods & holy days

In response to God’s mercies (Romans 12:1), Those with faith in Christ recognize they should strive, however imperfectly and against their own selfish, sinful nature, to Do the green lights, Avoid the Red lights, and in freedom enjoy yellow lights, being cautious about their effect on self and others (Rom 14:1-15:7; 1 Cor 7-14).

ADD: We are getting to the key purposes of the letter Purpose #2 = Resolve disputes among squabbling among the 7+ house churches in Rome; 14:1-15:7 is key to address this Lucado’s Fellow-Ship Cf. adiaphora “yellow-light” issues For Purpose #1, missionary support to Spain, see 15:14-33

Romans 14:1-15:7 Key term middle forms of = προσλαμβανω (14:1, 3; 15:7[2]) judging when God no longer does! 14:1-13a – emphasizes weak judging the strong (8 of 14 uses of κρίνω) are in chapter 14) Gospel center = 14:7-9 14:13b-22a stresses strong not causing the weak to stumble Gospel center = 14:17-18

Romans 14:7-9 7 οὐδεὶς γὰρ ἡμῶν ἑαυτῷ ζῇ καὶ οὐδεὶς ἑαυτῷ ἀποθνῄσκει· 8 ἐάν τε γὰρ ζῶμεν, τῷ κυρίῳ ζῶμεν, ἐάν τε ἀποθνῄσκωμεν, τῷ κυρίῳ ἀποθνῄσκομεν. ἐάν τε οὖν ζῶμεν ἐάν τε ἀποθνῄσκωμεν, τοῦ κυρίου ἐσμέν. 9 εἰς τοῦτο γὰρ Χριστὸς ἀπέθανεν καὶ ἔζησεν, ἵνα καὶ νεκρῶν καὶ ζώντων κυριεύσῃ.

Romans 14:10-12 10 Σὺ δὲ τί κρίνεις τὸν ἀδελφόν σου; ἢ καὶ σὺ τί ἐξουθενεῖς τὸν ἀδελφόν σου; πάντες γὰρ παραστησόμεθα τῷ βήματι τοῦ θεοῦ, 11 γέγραπται γάρ· ζῶ ἐγώ, λέγει κύριος, ὅτι ἐμοὶ κάμψει πᾶν γόνυ καὶ πᾶσα γλῶσσα ἐξομολογήσεται τῷ θεῷ. 12 ἄρα [οὖν] ἕκαστος ἡμῶν περὶ ἑαυτοῦ λόγον δώσει [τῷ θεῷ].

14:22b-24 General conclusion Romans 14:1-15:7 14:22b-24 General conclusion 15:1-7 Back to the strong Gospel center 15:3-4 Conclusion: 7 Διὸ προσλαμβάνεσθε ἀλλήλους, καθὼς καὶ ὁ Χριστὸς προσελάβετο ὑμᾶς εἰς δόξαν τοῦ θεοῦ. 15:7 is another great hinge into 15:7-13 which concludes the theological emphasis of the entire letter

Romans 14:1-15:7 and Adiaphora in the Lutheran Confessions article The Confessions quote this section 15x, 8 in the Formula of Concord. In Yellow Light adiaphora: No Judging or despising The “weak” think we are bound Paul teaches both views are OK, does NOT even try for uniformity

The rest of the letter 15:7-13 = Theological Conclusion to the Letter 15:14-33 = Paul’s Travel Plans (past, present, and future) and Missionary Method. Request for assistance for his evangelistic work in Spain.

Its just a list of people….., but isn’t that the whole point? Romans 16 Romans 16:1-16 Greetings sent to 26 names = his references attached to his resume Its just a list of people….., but isn’t that the whole point? 16:1-2 Who/what was Phoebe (diakonoj = masculine AND feminine form; 1 Tim. 3:8,12)?

Romans 16:3-4 Priscilla and Aquila met Paul during 18 months in Corinth Acts 18 and Seutonius record Claudius expelling Jews (“Chrestus”) In Acts 18:26 they taught Apollos in Corinth Now back in Rome, host one of a number of “house churches.” Departure and return of Jews led to Romans 14 issues???

Romans 16:6-7 Many Marys = Miriam! 7 in NT Andronicus and Junias – Ἰουνιᾶν (= feminine?) 1) fellow Jews (9:1) 2) In prison with Paul – when? Acts 16:24; 2 Cor. 11:23 3) Outstanding “among the apostles” (ἐπίσημοι ἐν τοῖς ἀποστόλοις). Probably well regarded by the Apostles?

Romans 16:6-16 4) Believed in Jesus before Paul (Acts 9) Rufus (13); see Mark 15:21(!!!) written to Rome & the Via Dolorosa

What’s in a Name? Paul’s many co-workers (16:3, 7, 9, 21, etc.) Four to eight Jews out of 26 About seven house congregations 17 men and 9 women, but praises 6-7 women and only 3-5 of the men Over half were immigrants to Rome and the social profile seems representative of the city

Romans 16:16-17 ἀσπάσασθε ἀλλήλους ἐν φιλήματι ἁγίῳ. (Rom 16:16)? Has this always been properly used in the LCMS????

Romans 16:17-18 Issue among Christians Deceive with flashy externals Watch out/Keep away Divisions among Jews & Gentiles? Probably not. See all of 14:1-15:7 which concludes what? Contrary to thn didakhn = 6:17 = Gospel Levels of division/fellowship???

Romans 16:17-18 Then – enforced circumcision, Acts 15:1,5 to Galatians 1 Now – legalism, liberality,… Reject teachings that attack the Gospel, don’t associate with those who teach other gospels (cf. Galatians 1)

16:20 – Genesis 3:15 echo 16:21-24 Greetings from 7 folks Timothy – convert on journey #2 (Acts 16:1-3); co-author of 3, received 2 letters Tertius = Amanuensis Gaius (1 Cor. 1:14; Acts 18:7 Erastus (inscription, ?Acts 19:22; 2 Tim. 4:20)

Therefore Paul is in Corinth, 3rd journey, Acts 19:21; 20:1-3 16:25-27 The upokoh of faith (16:26; cf. 1:5) In the NT, except for 1 Cor 15:51, the mystery is always now revealed! Soli Deo Gloria – What verb? Note 16:20; also Luke 1:28

To God [Is] the Glory O perfect redemption, the purchase of blood! To ev’ry believer the promise of God; The vilest offender who truly believes, That moment from Jesus a pardon receives.

To God [Is] the Glory Refrain: Praise the Lord, Praise the Lord, Let the earth hear His voice! Let the people rejoice! O come to the Father through Jesus the Son, And give Him the glory-great things he hath done!

Our wonder, our transport, when Jesus we see. To God [Is] the Glory Great things He at taught us, great things He hath done, And great our rejoicing through Jesus the Son; But purer and higher and greater will be Our wonder, our transport, when Jesus we see.

To God [Is] the Glory Praise the Lord, Praise the Lord, Let the earth hear His voice! Let the people rejoice! O come to the Father through Jesus the Son, And give Him the glory-great things he hath done! Text: Fanny J. Crosby ; Music: William H. Doane ; public domain

Almighty God, as you turned the heart of him who persecuted the Church and by his preaching caused the light of the Gospel to shine throughout the world, grant us ever to rejoice in the saving light of your Gospel and to spread it to the uttermost parts of the earth; through Jesus Christ, your Son, our Lord, who lives and reigns with you and the Holy Spirit, one God, now and forever. Amen