C.W. Shelmerdine Introduction to Greek 2 nd edition (Newburyport, MA: Focus, 2008) Chapter 18.

C.W. Shelmerdine Introduction to Greek 2 nd edition (Newburyport, MA: Focus, 2008) Chapter 18

Shelmerdine Chapter 18 1.Active imperatives of thematic verbs 2.Imperatives of εἰμί ‘be’ 3.Future and Aorist middle and passive infinitives of thematic verbs 4.The future infinitive of εἰμί ‘be’ 5.Personal pronouns, 1 st and 2 nd persons 6.Possessive adjectives, 1 st and 2 nd persons

Shelmerdine Chapter 18 1. Active imperatives of thematic verbs Recall the present imperative active from Chapter 8.3 (λῦε, etc.). The imperative mood exists in two tenses (present and aorist) and all three voices (active, middle, passive).

Shelmerdine Chapter 18 1. Active imperatives of thematic verbs The imperative indicates a command (Go! Stay!). The tenses of the imperative differ only in aspect, not in time: –λάμβανε (present) “Hold on!” –λαβέ (aorist) “Grab it!”

Shelmerdine Chapter 18 1. Active imperatives of thematic verbs Present imperatives 2 nd singular: – ε (active) – εσο (middle/passive) λῦε (active); λύεσο  λύου (middle/passive) 2 nd plural: – ετε (active) – εσθε (middle/passive) λύετε (active); λύεσθε (middle/passive) 3 rd singular: – έτω (active) – έσθω (middle/passive) λυέτω (active); λυέσθω (middle/passive) 3 rd plural: – όντων (active) – έσθων (middle/passive) λυόντων (active); λυέσθων (middle/passive)

Shelmerdine Chapter 18 1. Active imperatives of thematic verbs 1 st (weak) aorist imperatives 2 nd singular: – ον (active) – αι (middle) λῦσον (active); λῦσαι (middle) 2 nd plural: – ατε (active) – ασθε (middle) λύσατε (active); λύσασθε (middle) 3 rd singular: – άτω (active) – άσθω (middle) λυσάτω (active); λυσάσθω (middle) 3 rd plural: – άντων (active) – άσθων (middle) λυσάντων (active); λυσάσθων (middle)

Shelmerdine Chapter 18 1. Active imperatives of thematic verbs 2 nd (strong) aorist imperatives 2 nd singular: – ε (active) – εσο (middle) λίπε (active); λίπέσο  λαβοῦ (middle) 2 nd plural: – ετε (active) – εσθε (middle) λίπετε (active); λίπεσθε (middle) 3 rd singular: – έτω (active) – έσθω (middle) λίπέτω (active); λίπέσθω (middle) 3 rd plural: – όντων (active) – έσθων (middle) λιπόντων (active); λιπέσθων (middle)

Shelmerdine Chapter 18 1. Active imperatives of thematic verbs aorist imperative passive 2 nd singular: – ητι  λύθητι 2 nd plural: – ητε  λύθητε 3 rd singular: – ήτω  λυθήτω 3 rd plural: – έντων  λυθέντων

Shelmerdine Chapter 18 1.Active imperatives of thematic verbs 2.Imperatives of εἰμί ‘be’ 3.Future and Aorist middle and passive infinitives of thematic verbs 4.The future infinitive of εἰμί ‘be’ 5.Personal pronouns, 1 st and 2 nd persons 6.Possessive adjectives, 1 st and 2 nd persons

Shelmerdine Chapter 18 2. Imperatives of εἰμί ‘be’ present active 2 nd singular: ἴσθι 2 nd plural: ἔστε 3 rd singular: ἔστω 3 rd plural: ὄντων

Shelmerdine Chapter 18 1.Imperatives of thematic verbs 2.Imperatives of εἰμί ‘be’ 3.Future and Aorist middle and passive infinitives of thematic verbs 4.The future infinitive of εἰμί ‘be’ 5.Personal pronouns, 1 st and 2 nd persons 6.Possessive adjectives, 1 st and 2 nd persons

Shelmerdine Chapter 18 3. Future and Aorist middle and passive infinitives of thematic verbs The most frequently used tenses of the infinitive are the present and aorist. The infinitive does have future forms, but they are much less common. Passive infinitives are also rare. You have already learned the present active (Chapter 6.3) and aorist active (Chapter 13.3) infinitives.

Shelmerdine Chapter 18 3. Future and Aorist middle and passive infinitives of thematic verbs Present infinitives –endings: – ειν (active) – εσθαι (middle/passive) –  λύειν (active) λύεσθαι (middle/passive) Notice that in the middle voice, the final –αι, as so often, is short for purposes of accent.

Shelmerdine Chapter 18 3. Future and Aorist middle and passive infinitives of thematic verbs Future infinitives –endings: –– ειν (active)  λύσειν –– εσθαι (middle)  λύσεσθαι –– θήσεσθαι (passive)  λυθήσεσθαι The future uses the exact same endings as the present, just attached to the future stem. Notice that in the middle voice, the final –αι, as so often, is short for purposes of accent.

Shelmerdine Chapter 18 3. Future and Aorist middle and passive infinitives of thematic verbs The future infinitive is used only to emphasize the futurity of some action, especially with verbs of thinking. –μέλλω λύσειν τὴν πόλιν. “I think I’m going to set the city free.”

Shelmerdine Chapter 18 3. Future and Aorist middle and passive infinitives of thematic verbs 1 st (weak) aorist infinitives –endings: –– αι (active)  λῦσαι –– ασθαι (middle)  λύσασθαι –– ναι (passive)  λυθῆναι Notice that in the middle voice, the final –αι, as so often, is short for purposes of accent. The accent for the active form is fixed on the penult (e.g., διῶξαι ).

Shelmerdine Chapter 18 3. Future and Aorist middle and passive infinitives of thematic verbs 2 nd (strong) aorist infinitives –endings: –– εῖν (active)  πιθεῖν –– έσθαι (middle)  πιθέσθαι –– ναι (passive)  γραφῆναι Notice that the accents for these endings are fixed. Notice that the augment marks the indicative mood only, so an infinitive never has an augment.

Shelmerdine Chapter 18 4. The future infinitive of εἰμί ‘be’ ἔσεσθαι

Shelmerdine Chapter 18 5. Personal pronouns, 1 st and 2 nd persons The 1 st person pronoun (I, me, we, us): singular ἐγώ ἐμοῦ, μου ἐμοί, μοι ἐμέ, με plural ἡμεῖς ἡμῶν ἡμῖν ἡμᾶς

Shelmerdine Chapter 18 5. Personal pronouns, 1 st and 2 nd persons The 2 nd person pronoun (you, y’all): singular σύ σοῦ, σου σοί, σοι σέ, σε plural ὑμεῖς ὑμῶν ὑμῖν ὑμᾶς

Shelmerdine Chapter 18 5. Personal pronouns, 1 st and 2 nd persons The unaccented singular forms of the genitive, dative and accusative pronouns are enclitic and less emphatic. –ὁ ἵππος φαίνεταί μοι εἶναι καλός. “The horse looks good to me.” –ὁ ἵππος ἐμοὶ φαίνεται εἶναι καλός. “Well, to me the horse looks good.”

Shelmerdine Chapter 18 5. Personal pronouns, 1 st and 2 nd persons Use the nominative forms only for a specific reason (since normally the personal ending of the verb tells you the subject): –ἐθέλω μένειν. καὶ σύ; “I want to stay. And you?” –ἐγὼ ἐθέλω πορεύεσθαι. “Well, I want to keep marching.”

Shelmerdine Chapter 18 6. Possessive adjectives, 1 st and 2 nd persons Greek has regular possessive adjectives: –ἐμός –ή –όν “my” –ἡμέτερος –ά –όν “our” –σός –ή –όν “your” –ὑμέτερος –ά –όν “y’all’s”

Shelmerdine Chapter 18 6. Possessive adjectives, 1 st and 2 nd persons You can indicate personal possession either of two ways –ἡ ἐμὴ βίβλος “my book” possessive adjective in the attributive position –ἡ βίβλος μου “my book” genitive of the personal pronoun in the predicate position

Shelmerdine Chapter 18 6. Possessive adjectives, 1 st and 2 nd persons For third person possession, only the genitive of the pronoun is available: –ἡ βίβλος αὐτοῦ “his book” –ἡ βίβλος αὐτῆς “her book” –ἡ βίβλος αὐτῶν “their book”

Shelmerdine Chapter 18 μετὰ δὲ τὴν ἐν Σαλαμῖνι ναυμαχίαν ὁ Θεμιστοκλῆς πρῶτον συνεβούλευε τοῖς Ἕλλησι διῶξαι τὸ τῶν Περσῶν ναυτικὸν καὶ λῦσαι τὰς ἐν τῷ Ἑλλησπόντῳ γεφύρας. ὁ δὲ Εὐρυβιάδης, ὁ τῶν Λακεδαιμονίων στρατηγός. ἔπεισε τοὺς Ἕλληνας μὴ καταλῦσαι τὰς γεφύρας. Ἄλλως γάρ, ἔλεξεν, ἀναγκαῖον ἔσται τῷ Πέρσῃ ἐν τῇ Ἑλλάδι μένειν· οὕτως δὲ οἷος τ' ἔσται καταστρέψασθαι τὴν ὅλην Εὐρώπην.

Shelmerdine Chapter 18 μετὰ δὲ τὴν ἐν Σαλαμῖνι ναυμαχίαν ὁ Θεμιστοκλῆς πρῶτον συνεβούλευε τοῖς Ἕλλησι διῶξαι τὸ τῶν Περσῶν ναυτικὸν καὶ λῦσαι τὰς ἐν τῷ Ἑλλησπόντῳ γεφύρας. ὁ δὲ Εὐρυβιάδης, ὁ τῶν Λακεδαιμονίων στρατηγός, ἔπεισε τοὺς Ἕλληνας μὴ καταλῦσαι τὰς γεφύρας. Ἄλλως γάρ, ἔλεξεν, ἀναγκαῖον ἔσται τῷ Πέρσῃ ἐν τῇ Ἑλλάδι μένειν· οὕτως δὲ οἷος τ' ἔσται καταστρέψασθαι τὴν ὅλην Εὐρώπην.

Shelmerdine Chapter 18 Θεμιστοκλῆς μὲν οὕτως ἔλεξεν, ὅτι ἀποθήκην ἔμελλε σχήσειν χάριτος πρὸς βασιλεῖ, οἱ δὲ Ἀθηναῖοι ἐπείθοντο· ἐνόμιζον γὰρ αὐτὸν σοφώτατον ἄνδρα εἶναι.

Shelmerdine Chapter 18 μετὰ δὲ τὴν ἐν Σαλαμῖνι ναυμαχίαν ὁ Θεμιστοκλῆς πρῶτον συνεβούλευε τοῖς Ἕλλησι διῶξαι τὸ τῶν Περσῶν ναυτικὸν καὶ λῦσαι τὰς ἐν τῷ Ἑλλησπόντῳ γεφύρας. ὁ δὲ Εὐρυβιάδης, ὁ τῶν Λακεδαιμονίων στρατηγός, ἔπεισε τοὺς Ἕλληνας μὴ καταλῦσαι τὰς γεφύρας. Ἄλλως γάρ, ἔλεξεν, ἀναγκαῖον ἔσται τῷ Πέρσῃ ἐν τῇ Ἑλλάδι μένειν· οὕτως δὲ οἷος τ' ἔσται καταστρέψασθαι τὴν ὅλην Εὐρώπην.

Shelmerdine Chapter 18 Θεμιστοκλῆς μὲν οὕτως ἔλεξεν, ὅτι ἀποθήκην ἔμελλε σχήσειν χάριτος πρὸς βασιλεῖ, οἱ δὲ Ἀθηναῖοι ἐπείθοντο· ἐνόμιζον γὰρ αὐτὸν σοφώτατον ἄνδρα εἶναι.

Shelmerdine Chapter 18 ὁ δὲ Θεμιστοκλῆς, οὐ γὰρ ἐνόμισε πείσειν τοὺς πολλοὺς στρατεύειν εἰς τὸν Ἑλλήσποντον, ἔλεγεν αὐτοῖς· Οὐχ ἡμεῖς ἐσώσαμεν ἡμᾶς αὐτούς τε καὶ τὴν Ἑλλάδα, ἀλλ' οἱ θεοὶ οἳ οὐκ ἤθελον τὸν αὐτὸν ἄνδρα τῆς τε Ἀσίας καὶ τῆς Εὐρώπης βασιλεῦσαι. νῦν οὖν ἀγαθόν ἐστι βασιλέα μὲν πορεύεσθαι εἰς τὴν Ἀσίαν, ἡμᾶς δὲ καταμένειν ἐν τῇ Ἑλλάδι. Θεμιστοκλῆς μὲν οὕτως ἔλεξεν, ὅτι ἀποθήκην ἔμελλε σχήσειν χάριτος πρὸς βασιλεῖ, οἱ δὲ Ἀθηναῖοι ἐπείθοντο· ἐνόμιζον γὰρ αὐτὸν σοφώτατον ἄνδρα εἶναι.

Shelmerdine Chapter 18 ὁ δὲ Θεμιστοκλῆς, οὐ γὰρ ἐνόμισε πείσειν τοὺς πολλοὺς στρατεύειν εἰς τὸν Ἑλλήσποντον, ἔλεγεν αὐτοῖς· Οὐχ ἡμεῖς ἐσώσαμεν ἡμᾶς αὐτούς τε καὶ τὴν Ἑλλάδα, ἀλλ' οἱ θεοὶ οἳ οὐκ ἤθελον τὸν αὐτὸν ἄνδρα τῆς τε Ἀσίας καὶ τῆς Εὐρώπης βασιλεῦσαι. νῦν οὖν ἀγαθόν ἐστι βασιλέα μὲν πορεύεσθαι εἰς τὴν Ἀσίαν, ἡμᾶς δὲ καταμένειν ἐν τῇ Ἑλλάδι.

Shelmerdine Chapter 18 ἔπειτα δὲ ὁ Θεμικστοκλῆς ἔπεμψεν κήρυκας πρὸς βασιλέα, ἐν οἷς καὶ Σίκιννος ὁ οἰκέτης ἦν· καὶ ὁ Σίκιννος ἔλεγε τῷ Ξέρξῃ ὧδε· Ἔπεμψέ με ὁ Θεμιστοκλῆς, στρατηγὸς μὲν Ἀθηναίων, ἀνὴρ δὲ τῶν συμμάχων σοφώτατος· ὅτι βούλεται εὐεργέτης σοι εἶναι, ἔπεισε τοὺς Ἕλληνας μήτε διῶξαι τὰς σὰς ναῦς μήτε τὰς ἐν τῷ Ἑλλησπόντῳ γεφύρας καταλῦσαι. καὶ νῦν οἷός τ' ἔσει σῴζεσθαι εἰς τὴν χώραν.

Shelmerdine Chapter 18 τοῖς πᾶσιν χρόνος, καὶ καιρὸς τῷ παντὶ πράγματι ὑπὸ τὸν οὐρανόν. καιρὸς τοῦ τεκεῖν καὶ καιρὸς τοῦ ἀποθανεῖν, καιρὸς τοῦ φυτεῦσαι καὶ καιρὸς τοῦ ἐκτῖλαι πεφυτευμένον, καιρὸς τοῦ ἀποκτεῖναι καὶ καιρὸς τοῦ ἰάσασθαι, καιρὸς τοῦ καθελεῖν καὶ καιρὸς τοῦ οἰκοδομῆσαι, καιρὸς τοῦ κλαῦσαι καὶ καιρὸς τοῦ γελάσαι, καιρὸς τοῦ κόψασθαι καὶ καιρὸς τοῦ ὀρχήσασθαι,

Shelmerdine Chapter 18 καιρὸς τοῦ βαλεῖν λίθους καὶ καιρὸς τοῦ συναγαγεῖν λίθους, καιρὸς τοῦ περιλαβεῖν καὶ καιρὸς τοῦ μακρυνθῆναι ἀπὸ περιλήψεως, καιρὸς τοῦ ζητῆσαι καὶ καιρὸς τοῦ ἀπολέσαι, καιρὸς τοῦ φυλάξαι καὶ καιρὸς τοῦ ἐκβαλεῖν, καιρὸς τοῦ ῥῆξαι καὶ καιρὸς τοῦ ῥάψαι, καιρὸς τοῦ σιγᾶν καὶ καιρὸς τοῦ λαλεῖν, καιρὸς τοῦ φιλῆσαι καὶ καιρὸς τοῦ μισῆσαι, καιρὸς πολέμου καὶ καιρὸς εἰρήνης.

Shelmerdine Chapter 18 for tomorrow (Wednesday, January 26, 2011): Quiz: Write out the 1 st and 2 nd person personal pronouns. We will continue the reading “Double Dealings of Themistocles” and, if time permits, begin on the Biblical reading for Chapter 18 (in Moodle).

Shelmerdine Chapter 18 for tomorrow (Thursday, January 27, 2011): Quiz: –Parsing on “Double Dealings of Themistocles”

Shelmerdine Chapter 18 for tomorrow (Monday, January 31, 2011): Quiz: Vocabulary Chapter 18 –Nouns: omit Ἀρτεμισία

C.W. Shelmerdine Introduction to Greek 2 nd edition (Newburyport, MA: Focus, 2008) Chapter 18.

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C.W. Shelmerdine Introduction to Greek 2 nd edition (Newburyport, MA: Focus, 2008) Chapter 18.

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