Mounce, Basics of Biblical Greek, chapter 25.

Παρουσίαση με θέμα: "Mounce, Basics of Biblical Greek, chapter 25."— Μεταγράφημα παρουσίασης:

1 Mounce, Basics of Biblical Greek, chapter 25.
Perfect Tense Mounce, Basics of Biblical Greek, chapter 25.

2 Aspect & Translation Describes past, completed action with consequences felt in the present (Mounce 25.2). Translate (usually) with helping verb, “Your faith has saved you.” Translate (sometimes) with English present tense, “It is written.”

3 Forming Perfect Tense Perfect uses primary endings.
Perfect is a PRIMARY TENSE. Therefore, perfect does not have an augment. Perfect uses primary endings. --, ς, ε; μεν, τε, σι in active voice. μαι, σαι, ται; μεθα, σθε, νται in middle and passive voice. Perfect has “reduplication” on the front of the stem. Perfect active has a tense formative (κα).

4 Forming Perfect Tense

5 Forming Perfect Tense

6 The Paradigm: Perfect Active
Mounce, 25.5 Preposition for Compound Verb + Redupli-cation Perfect Active Tense Stem Tense Formative NO CONNECT-ING VOWEL Primary Active Personal Endings λε λυ κα --  λέλυκα ς λέλυκας κε -- (ν) λέλυκε(ν) μεν λελύκαμεν τε λελύκατε σι(ν) λελύκασι(ν)

7 The Paradigm: Perfect Middle/Passive
Mounce, 25.7 Preposition for Compound Verb + Redupli-cation Perfect M/P Tense Stem NO TENSE FORMA-TIVE NO CONNECT-ING VOWEL Primary Active Personal Endings λε λυ μαι  λέλυμαι σαι λέλυσαι ται λέλυται μεθα λελύμεθα σθε λέλυσθε νται λέλυνται

8 Recognizing Reduplication
Stem begins with a consonant: it duplicates with vowel, ε, between; e.g. λύω to λέλυκα. Stem begins with a vowel: it lengthens; e.g. ἀγαπάω to ἠγάπηκα. Stem begins with two consonants: vowel usually is added before the two consonants; e.g. γινώσκω to ἔγνωκα. Compound verb: stem letter reduplicates, not the preposition letter; e.g. ἐκβάλλω to ἐκβέβληκα.

9 Perfect Forms in “Top 20” List
Present Active 1st Principal Part Perfect Active 4th Principal Part Perfect Middle/Passive 5th Principal Part ἀκούω ἀκήκοα ἤκουσμαι ἔχω ἔσχηκα -- λέγω εἴρηκα εἴρημαι ἔρχομαι ἐλήλυθα ἀποστέλλω ἀπέσταλκα ἀπέσταλμαι γινώσκω ἔγνωκα ἔγνωσμαι ἐγείρω ἐγήγερμαι ὁράω ἑώρακα ὦμμαι ἀποθνῄσκω τέθνηκα βάλλω βέβληκα βέβλημαι γίνομαι γέγονα γεγένημαι εὑρίσκω εὕρηκα εὔρημαι λαμβάνω εἴληφα εἴλημμαι γράφω γέγραφα γέγραμμαι ἄγω ἦχα ἦγμαι