Week 11 Quiz Sentence #2

The sentence. λαλο ῦ μεν ε ἰ δότες ὅ τι ὁ ἐ γείρας τ ὸ ν κύριον Ἰ ησο ῦ ν κα ὶ ἡ μ ᾶ ς σ ὺ ν Ἰ ησο ῦ ἐ γερε ῖ κα ὶ παραστήσει σ ὺ ν ὑ μ ῖ ν.

The sentence divided into elements. Sense UnitWhy divide here? λαλο ῦ μεν indicative verb ε ἰ δότες circumstantial participle ὅ τι ὁ ἐ γείρας τ ὸ ν κύριον Ἰ ησο ῦ ν ὅ τι clause begins new sense unit κα ὶ ἡ μ ᾶ ς σ ὺ ν Ἰ ησο ῦ κα ὶ may begin new sense unit; prepositional phrase ἐ γερε ῖ indicative verb κα ὶ παραστήσει σ ὺ ν ὑ μ ῖ ν. κα ὶ may begin new sense unit; prepositional phrase

λαλο ῦ μεν What is it from? Dictionary form is λαλέω. What is its form? 1 st person, present, active, indicative. What does it mean? “We are speaking.”

The sentence divided into elements. Sense UnitEnglish Translation λαλο ῦ μεν We are speaking ε ἰ δότες ὅ τι ὁ ἐ γείρας τ ὸ ν κύριον Ἰ ησο ῦ ν κα ὶ ἡ μ ᾶ ς σ ὺ ν Ἰ ησο ῦ ἐ γερε ῖ κα ὶ παραστήσει σ ὺ ν ὑ μ ῖ ν.

ε ἰ δότες See Mounce, section perfect active participle, masculine plural nominative. adverbial participle with a causal sense = “since we know” or “because we know”

The sentence divided into elements. Sense UnitEnglish Translation λαλο ῦ μεν We are speaking ε ἰ δότες since we know ὅ τι ὁ ἐ γείρας τ ὸ ν κύριον Ἰ ησο ῦ ν κα ὶ ἡ μ ᾶ ς σ ὺ ν Ἰ ησο ῦ ἐ γερε ῖ κα ὶ παραστήσει σ ὺ ν ὑ μ ῖ ν.

ὅ τι ὁ ἐ γείρας τ ὸ ν κύριον Ἰ ησο ῦ ν τ ὸ ν κύριον Ἰ ησο ῦ ν cannot be the subject of anything here. It is in the accusative case. ὁ ἐ γείρας is a substantive (or substantival) participle: “the one who raised.” Mounce, ἐ γείρας = aorist active participle, masculine, nominative, singular. Mounce, It’s liquid, so the σ of the σα tense code drops out. ὅ τι just means “that” in this context. The unit means: “that the one who raised the Lord Jesus”

The sentence divided into elements. Sense UnitEnglish Translation λαλο ῦ μεν We are speaking ε ἰ δότες since we know ὅ τι ὁ ἐ γείρας τ ὸ ν κύριον Ἰ ησο ῦ ν that the one who raised the Lord Jesus κα ὶ ἡ μ ᾶ ς σ ὺ ν Ἰ ησο ῦ ἐ γερε ῖ κα ὶ παραστήσει σ ὺ ν ὑ μ ῖ ν.

κα ὶ ἡ μ ᾶ ς σ ὺ ν Ἰ ησο ῦ ἡ μ ᾶ ς is accusative. It is not the subject of anything here. σ ὺ ν Ἰ ησο ῦ is “with Jesus.” κα ὶ can be various things in various contexts. It might be “and” or “also”. Provisional translation: “and us with Jesus.”

The sentence divided into elements. Sense UnitEnglish Translation λαλο ῦ μεν We are speaking ε ἰ δότες since we know ὅ τι ὁ ἐ γείρας τ ὸ ν κύριον Ἰ ησο ῦ ν that the one who raised the Lord Jesus κα ὶ ἡ μ ᾶ ς σ ὺ ν Ἰ ησο ῦ and us with Jesus ἐ γερε ῖ κα ὶ παραστήσει σ ὺ ν ὑ μ ῖ ν.

ἐ γερε ῖ Dictionary form = ἐ γείρω. Do you have a stem change? Yes. So it’s not present or imperfect. Do you have an augment? No. So it’s not aorist. Do you have reduplication? No. so it’s not perfect. Do you have a tense code? No, but it’s a liquid, so the σ future tense code probably dropped out, and look, the circumflex accent does look like a liquid future “He will raise”

The sentence divided into elements. Sense UnitEnglish Translation λαλο ῦ μεν We are speaking ε ἰ δότες since we know ὅ τι ὁ ἐ γείρας τ ὸ ν κύριον Ἰ ησο ῦ ν that the one who raised the Lord Jesus κα ὶ ἡ μ ᾶ ς σ ὺ ν Ἰ ησο ῦ and us with Jesus ἐ γερε ῖ he will raise κα ὶ παραστήσει σ ὺ ν ὑ μ ῖ ν.

κα ὶ παραστήσει σ ὺ ν ὑ μ ῖ ν Given on the quiz: παραστήσει is from παρίστημι. Translation: “he/she/it will present” Connected to the prior sense unit, also containing a third person singular future, this likely means, “He will present.” Whom will he present? The direct object, ἡ μ ᾶ ς, is the direct object of both verbs: “He will raise us and he will present us” σ ὺ ν ὑ μ ῖ ν = “with you (plural).”

The sentence divided into elements. Sense UnitEnglish Translation λαλο ῦ μεν We are speaking ε ἰ δότες since we know ὅ τι ὁ ἐ γείρας τ ὸ ν κύριον Ἰ ησο ῦ ν that the one who raised the Lord Jesus κα ὶ ἡ μ ᾶ ς σ ὺ ν Ἰ ησο ῦ and us with Jesus ἐ γερε ῖ he will raise κα ὶ παραστήσει σ ὺ ν ὑ μ ῖ ν. and present us with you.

Fine-Tuning the Translation So far we have: We are speaking since we know that the one who raised the Lord Jesus will raise and us and present us with you. What if we try “also” or “too” rather than “and” for the καί? We are speaking since we know that the one who raised the Lord Jesus will raise us too and will present us with you. See the quotation in context at 2 Cor. 4:13-15.

Problems on the Quiz Trying to translate using Greek word order rather than Greek cases and participle grammar as their guide. Ignoring the accusative case, trying to make accusative case words into subjects of clauses. Stumbling over what to do with the participles, ε ἰ δότες (adverbial/circumstantial) and ὁ ἐ γείρας (substantival). Trying to make the ὅ τι something besides “because.” Not trying alternatives for “and” as a translation for κα ὶ.

Tips Going Forward Pay attention to cases. The only time accusative case can be the subject of a clause is when the clause’s verb is an infinitive. Split the sentence into sense units. Do not try to translate word-for-word, but unit by unit. Notice parallel structure, like the two future tense verbs in this sentence that require you to repeat the direct object ἡ μάς in your translation. Know that the little words are the most versatile in any language. Don’t get too tied to your initial translation of them.