Dr. Gabriella Gelardini, Project Management Swiss Treasures, University of Basel: Presiding

Special Collections Research Center, Exhibition Gallery The University of Chicago Library 1100 East 57th Street, Chicago, IL 60637

Dr. Sylviane Messerli, Vice Director of the Martin Bodmer Foundation, Cologny: At the Source of Biblical Texts: The Bodmer Papyri

Fondation Martin Bodmer

PB II (P 66), Gospel according to John, ca. 200 CE

PB V, Nativity of Mary, 3rd century CE

PB XVII, Acts of the Apostles

PB XXIV, Psalms

PB XLI, Episode of Ephesus from the Acta Pauli

PB V, Nativity of Mary

PB X, Apocryphal Correspondence of Paul to the Corinthians

PB X, Apocryphal Correspondence of Paul and PB XI, Eleventh Ode of Solomon

PB XIII, Meliton of Sardes’s Homily on Easter

PB IX, Psalms 33 and 34

PB IX, Psalm 33:10–18

PB IX, Psalms 33 and 34

PB IX, Psalm 34:4–10

PB IX, Psalm 34:10–16

Martin Bodmer

PB I, Homer, Iliad V, Scroll of papyrus, 3rd or 4th century CE

PB I, Homer, Iliad VI, 508–529

PB LVII, Didymus the Blind

PB IX, Individual leaf between two sheets of glass

PB II, Codex in its original form

PB XL, Cantic of the Cantics in Sahidic dialect (Philippe Luisier, Pontifical Oriental Institute in Rome)

PB LVII, Didymus the Blind, palimpsested text (Roger T. Macfarlane, Brigham Young University)

Prof. Dr. Adrian Schenker, Professor em. of Old Testament, University of Fribourg: The Samaritan Pentateuch – Its Importance for the Textual History of the Hebrew Bible

Samaritan Pentateuch

Deuteronomy 11:30 Line 1: As you know, these mountains (i.e. Mount Gerizim and Mount Ebal) are beyond the Jordan, Line 2:behind the way towards the sun-set, Line 3:in the land of the Canaanite, who lives in the valley, Line 4:opposite Gilgal, Line 5:besides the oaks of Moreh, Line 6: (SAMARITAN PENTATEUCH) (translation RSV 1995, slightly adapted)

Ancient Palestine At the centre of the map, the Jordan valley runs from north to south. Halfway between the Lake of Gennesaret in the north and the Dead Sea in the south, the Jabbok river, on the east side of the Jordan river, and on the west side, in the mountains, the city of Shechem (today Nablus). In the Jordan valley, near the river, Gilgal of Deut 11:30 is to be located. Ca. 55 km (34,17 mi) further south, the city of Jericho, on the west side of the Jordan river. Between Jericho and the Jordan river, not far from the river, Gilgal of Josh 4:19 is to be located.

Franziska Schnoor, M.A., Member of Scientific Staff, Abbey Library of St. Gall: Bible Studies at the Monastery of St. Gall in the 9th Century

The ancient ecclesiastical precinct of the former Abbey of St. Gall

The Baroque Abbey Library of St. Gall.

The oldest library catalogue of St. Gall (ca. 850–880). Abbey Library of St. Gall, Ms. 728, p. 5.

Hartmut, abbot of the monastery of St. Gall (872–883). Pen-drawing in the “small Bible of Hartmut.” Abbey Library of St. Gall, Ms. 7, p. 256.

Volume six of the “large Bible of Hartmut.” Abbey Library of St. Gall, Ms. 83, p. 128.

The ten volumes of the “small Bible of Hartmut”, mentioned in Ratpert’s “Casus sancti Galli.” Abbey Library of St. Gall, Ms. 614, p. 126–127.

Dedicatory poem by Hartmut in his “small Bible.” Abbey Library of St. Gall, Ms. 7, p. 460.

Ms. 44 St. Gall (?) 760–781 Beginning of the book of Ezekiel in a Bible manuscript, written at St. Gall (?), ca. 760–781. Abbey Library of St. Gall, Ms. 44, p. 6.

Ms. 43 St. Gall 820–840 Beginning of the book of Ezekiel in a Bible manuscript, written at St. Gall, ca. 820–840. Abbey Library of St. Gall, Ms. 43, p. 3.

Ms. 46 St. Gall Small Bible of Hartmut Beginning of the book of Ezekiel in a volume of the “small Bible of Hartmut.” Abbey Library of St. Gall, Ms. 46, p. 5.

Ms. 82 St. Gall Large Bible of Hartmut Beginning of the book of Ezekiel in a volume of the “large Bible of Hartmut.” Abbey Library of St. Gall, Ms. 82, p. 270.

et audivi vocem loquentis et dixit ad me: Fili hominis sta super pedes tuos (“and I heard a voice of one that spake. And he said unto me: Son of man, stand upon thy feet”) Ezek 2:1

Ms. 44 Ms. 43 Detail of Ezek 2:1. in Ms. 44 (p. 9) and Ms. 43 (p. 8), Abbey Library of St. Gall.

Ms. 46 Ms. 82 Detail of Ezek 2:1 in Ms. 46 (p. 10) and Ms. 82 (p. 274), Abbey Library of St. Gall.

The oldest extant manuscript of Alcuin’s Bible. Abbey Library of St. Gall, Ms. 75, p. 3.

Alcuin’s Bible mentioned in the oldest library catalogue of St. Gall (ca. 850–880). Abbey Library of St. Gall, Ms. 728, p. 5.

Canon tables in Alcuin’s Bible. Abbey Library of St. Gall, Ms. 75, p. 690–691.

Ms. 75 Detail of Ezek 2:1 in Alcuin’s Bible. Abbey Library of St. Gall, Ms. 75, p. 360.

et vidi quasi speciem electri velut aspectum ignis intrinsecus eius per circuitum a lumbis eius et desuper et a lumbis eius usque deorsum vidi quasi speciem ignis (“And I saw as the colour of amber, as the appearance of fire round about within it, from the appearance of his loins even upward, and from the appearance of his loins even downward, I saw as it were the appearance of fire”) Ezek 1:27

Ms. 46 Ms. 75 Detail of Ezek 1:27 in Ms. 46 (p. 10) and Ms. 75 (p. 360), Abbey Library of St. Gall.

quia nolo mortem morientis [+ sed ut convertatur et vivat] dicit Dominus revertimini et vivite (“For I have no pleasure in the death of him that dieth [+ but that he should return and live], saith the Lord God: wherefore turn yourselves, and live ye”) Ezek 18:32

Ms. 46 Ms. 75 Detail of Ezek 18:23 in Ms. 46 (p. 54) and Ms. 75 (p. 372), Abbey Library of St. Gall.

mitto te ad filios Israhel ad gentes apostatrices quae recesserunt a me patres eorum praevaricati sunt pactum meum (“I send thee to the children of Israel, to a rebellious nation that hath rebelled against me: their fathers have transgressed against me”) Ezek 2:3

Ms. 44 Ms. 75 Detail of Ezek 2:3 in Ms. 44 (p. 9) and Ms. 75 (p. 360), Abbey Library of St. Gall.

Ms. 46 Detail of Ezek 2:3 in Ms. 46 (p. 10), Abbey Library of St. Gall.

Jerome’s commentary on the book of Ezekiel. Abbey Library of St. Gall, Ms. 117, p. 3.

Ms. 117 Detail of Jerome’s commentary on Ezek 2:3. Abbey Library of St. Gall, Ms. 117, p. 30.

Dr. Ulrich Dill, Head of Special Collections Department, University of Basel Library: The Making of Erasmus’s New Testament

Basel in Europe

Basel in Europe 1514

The Upper Rhine Valley

Erasmus to James Wimpfeling, Ioanni Frobenio reddidi literas ab Erasmo missas, addens esse mihi cum eo familiaritatem arctissimam; ab eodem de edendis illius lucubrationibus negocii summam mihi commissam, ut, quicquid egissem, id perinde ut ab Erasmo gestum ratum fore; denique me illi adeo similem, ut qui me videret, Erasmum videret. Is postea risit intellecta fraude. I handed letters from Erasmus over to Johannes Froben, specifying that as Erasmus’s confidant I was authorized to conduct negotiations concerning the publication of his works, to the effect that whatever I achieved was to be considered as approved by himself. Finally, I added that I bore such a striking resemblance to him that whoever looked at me would be looking at Erasmus himself. Recognizing the charade, Froben had a good laugh.

The printer and his author

Significance of Erasmus’s New Testament Beginning of the flourishing period of printing in Basel Source of high renown for Erasmus, but also of great trouble Milestone in the transmission of the New Testament

Basel ca CE

Basel and its Monasteries

Aeneas Silvius Piccolomini (Pius II.) Nulla hic studia gentilium literarum. Poeticam oratoriamque prorsus ignorant; grammaticae tantum ac dialecticae operam adhibent. (1538)

The Council of Basel 1431–1449

Kupferstichkabinett, Inv.-Nr : Matth. Merian d.Ä., Kleiner Vogelschauplan der Stadt Basel von Südwesten, Radierung 1615 Greek codices in the Preachers’ Monastery

Gregory of Nazianzus, Homilies (13th c.)

External stimuli 1431–1449Council of Basel → Council university → Greek library in the Preachers’ monastery

Dedication ceremony of the University, 1460

External stimuli 1431–1449Council of Basel → Council university → Greek library in the Preachers’ monastery 1460Dedication of the University

External stimuli 1431–1449Council of Basel → Council university → Greek library in the Preachers’ monastery 1460Dedication of the University ca. 1470Berthold Ruppel prints the first book in Basel

The first book printed in Basel

External stimuli 1431–1449Council of Basel → Council university → Greek library in the Preachers’ monastery 1460Dedication of the University ca. 1470Berthold Ruppel prints the first book in Basel ca. 1475Johannes Amerbach settles in Basel as a printer Johannes Reuchlin studies in Basel

External stimuli 1431–1449Council of Basel → Council university → Greek library in the Preachers’ monastery 1460Dedication of the University ca. 1470Berthold Ruppel prints the first book in Basel ca. 1475Johannes Amerbach settles in Basel as a printer Johannes Reuchlin studies in Basel 1484Johannes Heynlin settles in Basel → Project for publication: Complete editions of the four great Latin Fathers of the Church

Ambrose and Augustine

Johannes Cuno (1462/3–1513)

External stimuli 1431–1449Council of Basel → Council university → Greek library in the Preachers’ monastery 1460Dedication of the University ca. 1470Berthold Ruppel prints the first book in Basel ca. 1475Johannes Amerbach settles in Basel as a printer Johannes Reuchlin studies in Basel 1484Johannes Heynlin settles in Basel → Project for publication: Complete editions of the four great Latin Fathers of the Church 1510Johannes Cuno comes to Basel and starts to teach Greek

External stimuli 1431–1449Council of Basel → Council university → Greek library in the Preachers’ monastery 1460Dedication of the University ca. 1470Berthold Ruppel prints the first book in Basel ca. 1475Johannes Amerbach settles in Basel as a printer Johannes Reuchlin studies in Basel 1484Johannes Heynlin settles in Basel → Project for publication: Complete editions of the four great Latin Fathers of the Church 1510Johannes Cuno comes to Basel and starts to teach Greek 1513Reprint of Erasmus’s Adagia (Venice 1508)

Erasmus, Adagia (Proverbs) Aldus Manutius 1508Johannes Froben 1513

Erasmus, Adagia Aldus Manutius 1508 Johannes Froben 1513

Adagia 1508 / Novum Instrumentum 1516

Jerome by Albrecht Duerer, 1492

Erasmus by Albrecht Duerer, 1526 ΤΗΝ ΚΡΕΙΤΤΩ ΤΑ ΣΥΓΓΡΑΜ ΜΑΤΑ ΔΕΙΞΕΙ The better (i.e. picture) will be shown by the writings.

Erasmus working, 1515, by Hans Holbein Dum ad hunc locum perueniebat Erasmus se pictum sic videns exclamauit: „Ohe ohe! Si Erasmus adhuc talis esset, duceret profecto uxorem.“ When Erasmus got to this passage and saw his portrait, he exclaimed: “Well, well! If Erasmus still looked like that, he would indeed get married!”

Title page Novum Instrumentum omne, diligenter ab Erasmo Roterodamo recognitum et emendatum, – non solum ad graecam veritatem, – verum ad multorum utriusque linguae codicum, eorumque veterum simul et emendatorum fidem, – postremo ad probatissimorum autorum citationem, emendationem et interpretationem, praecipue Origenis, Chrysostomi, Cyrilli, Vulgarii, Hieronymi, Cypriani, Ambrosii, Hilarii, Augustini, una cum annotationibus, quae lectorem doceant, quid qua ratione mutatum sit. Quisquis igitur amas veram theologiam, lege, cognosce ac deinde iudica. Neque statim offendere, si quid mutatum offenderis, sed expende, num in melius mutatum sit.

Title page Novum Instrumentum omne, diligenter ab Erasmo Roterodamo recognitum et emendatum, – non solum ad graecam veritatem, – verum ad multorum utriusque linguae codicum, eorumque veterum simul et emendatorum fidem, – postremo ad probatissimorum autorum citationem, emendationem et interpretationem, praecipue Origenis, Chrysostomi, Cyrilli, Vulgarii, Hieronymi, Cypriani, Ambrosii, Hilarii, Augustini, una cum annotationibus, quae lectorem doceant, quid qua ratione mutatum sit. Quisquis igitur amas veram theologiam, lege, cognosce ac deinde iudica. Neque statim offendere, si quid mutatum offenderis, sed expende, num in melius mutatum sit. The Complete New Testament diligently corrected and emended by Erasmus of Rotterdam – not only according to the Greek original, – but according to the testimony of many ancient and correct manuscripts in both languages, – and lastly according to the text as quoted, corrected, and commented on by the best authors, especially Origen, John Chrysostom, Cyril of Alexandria, Eugenius Vulgarius, Jerome, Cyprian, Ambrose, Hilarius, and Augustine supplemented by annotations informing the reader which passages have been changed for what reasons. Therefore may you who love true theology read, recognise, and then judge. And do not take offence at once if you encounter something that is changed, but consider whether it is a change for the better.

Parts of the edition Dedication to Pope Leo X.

Parts of the edition Dedication to Pope Leo X. Introductory texts (Paraclesis, Methodus, Apologia)

Parts of the edition Dedication to Pope Leo X. Introductory texts (Paraclesis, Methodus, Apologia) Original Greek text of the New Testament

Parts of the edition Dedication to Pope Leo X. Introductory texts (Paraclesis, Methodus, Apologia) Original Greek text of the New Testament Latin translation by Erasmus

Parts of the edition Dedication to Pope Leo X. Introductory texts (Paraclesis, Methodus, Apologia) Original Greek text of the New Testament Latin translation by Erasmus Notes (Annotationes)

Beautiful typeface

A printer’s copy from the Preachers’ Monastery

Corrections by Erasmus

Matthew 1:1–5 Βίβλος γενέσεως Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ υἱοῦ Δαυὶδ υἱοῦ Ἀβραάμ. Ἀβραὰμ ἐγέννησεν τὸν Ἰσαάκ, Ἰσαὰκ δὲ ἐγέννησεν τὸν Ἰακώβ, Ἰακὼβ δὲ ἐγέννησεν τὸν Ἰούδαν καὶ τοὺς ἀδελφοὺς αὐτοῦ, Ἰούδας δὲ ἐγέννησεν τὸν Φάρες καὶ τὸν Ζάρα ἐκ τῆς Θαμάρ, Φάρες δὲ ἐγέννησεν τὸν Ἑσρώμ, Ἑσρὼμ δὲ ἐγέννησεν τὸν Ἀράμ, Ἀρὰμ δὲ ἐγέννησεν τὸν Ἀμιναδάβ, Ἀμιναδὰβ δὲ ἐγέννησεν τὸν Ναασσών, Ναασσὼν δὲ ἐγέννησεν τὸν Σαλμών, Σαλμὼν δὲ ἐγέννησεν τὸν Βόες ἐκ τῆς Ῥαχάβ, Βόες δὲ ἐγέννησεν τὸν Ἰωβὴδ ἐκ τῆς Ῥούθ, Ἰωβὴδ δὲ ἐγέννησεν τὸν Ἰεσσαί, … The book of the generation of Jesus Christ, the son of David, the son of Abraham. Abraham begat Isaac, and Isaac begat Jacob, and Jacob begat Judas and his brethren, and Judas begat Phares and Zara of Thamar, and Phares begat Esrom, and Esrom begat Aram, and Aram begat Aminadab, and Aminadab begat Naasson, and Naasson begat Salmon, and Salmon begat Booz of Rachab, and Booz begat Obed of Ruth, and Obed begat Jesse, …

Matthew 1:6–8 Ἰεσσαὶ δὲ ἐγέννησεν τὸν Δαυὶδ τὸν βασιλέα. Δαυὶδ δὲ ἐγέννησεν // τὸν Σολομῶνα ἐκ τῆς τοῦ Οὐρίου, Σολομὼν δὲ ἐγέννησεν τὸν Ῥοβοάμ, Ῥοβοὰμ δὲ ἐγέννησεν τὸν Ἀβιά, Ἀβιὰ δὲ ἐγέννησεν τὸν Ἀσά, Ἀσὰ δὲ ἐγέννησεν τὸν Ἰωσαφάτ, Ἰωσαφὰτ δὲ ἐγέννησεν τὸν Ἰωράμ, … and Jesse begat David the king, and David the king begat Solomon of the wife of Urias, and Solomon begat Roboam, and Roboam begat Abia, and Abia begat Asa, and Asa begat Josaphat, and Josaphat begat Joram, … …

Matthew 1:6–8 Ἰεσσαὶ δὲ ἐγέννησεν τὸν Δαυὶδ τὸν βασιλέα. Δαυὶδ δὲ ἐγέννησεν // τὸν Σολομῶνα ἐκ τῆς τοῦ Οὐρίου, Σολομὼν δὲ ἐγέννησεν τὸν Ῥοβοάμ, Ῥοβοὰμ δὲ ἐγέννησεν τὸν Ἀβιά, Ἀβιὰ δὲ ἐγέννησεν τὸν Ἰωσαφάτ, Ἰωσαφὰτ δὲ ἐγέννησεν τὸν Ἰωράμ, … and Jesse begat David the king, and David the king begat Solomon of the wife of Urias, and Solomon begat Roboam, and Roboam begat Abia, and Abia begat Josaphat, and Josaphat begat Joram, … …

Matthew 1:6–8 Ἰεσσαὶ δὲ ἐγέννησεν τὸν Δαυὶδ τὸν βασιλέα. Δαυὶδ δὲ ἐγέννησεν // τὸν Σολομῶνα ἐκ τῆς τοῦ Οὐρίου, Σολομὼν δὲ ἐγέννησεν τὸν Ῥοβοάμ, Ῥοβοὰμ δὲ ἐγέννησεν τὸν Ἀβιά, Ἀβιὰ δὲ ἐγέννησεν τὸν Ἀσά, Ἀσὰ δὲ ἐγέννησεν τὸν Ἰωσαφάτ, Ἰωσαφὰτ δὲ ἐγέννησεν τὸν Ἰωράμ, … and Jesse begat David the king, and David the king begat Solomon of the wife of Urias, and Solomon begat Roboam, and Roboam begat Abia, and Abia begat Asa, and Asa begat Josaphat, and Josaphat begat Joram, … …

Original 12th century / Edition 1516

The end of the Revelation Quamquam in calce huius libri nonnulla verba reperi apud nostros, quae aberant in Graecis exemplaribus; ea tamen ex Latinis adiecimus. However, at the end of this book we have found a few words in our (Latin) manuscripts that were missing in the Greek ones. We have added them all the same from the Latin.

Revelation 22:16–21 Quamquam in calce huius libri nonnulla verba reperi apud nostros, quae aberant in Graecis exemplaribus; ea tamen ex Latinis adiecimus. However, at the end of this book we have found a few words in our (Latin) manuscripts that were missing in the Greek ones. We have added them all the same from the Latin.

36 divergences in 132 words Transmitted text Ἐγὼ Ἰησοῦς ἔπεμψα τὸν ἄγγελόν μου μαρτυρῆσαι ὑμῖν ταῦτα ἐπὶ ταῖς ἐκκλησίαις. ἐγώ εἰμι ἡ ῥίζα καὶ τὸ γένος Δαυίδ, ὁ ἀστὴρ ὁ λαμπρὸς ὁ πρωϊνός. Καὶ τὸ πνεῦμα καὶ ἡ νύμφη λέγουσιν· ἔρχου. καὶ ὁ ἀκούων εἰπάτω· ἔρχου. καὶ ὁ διψῶν ἐρχέσθω, ὁ θέλων λαβέτω ὕδωρ ζωῆς δωρεάν. Μαρτυρῶ ἐγὼ παντὶ τῷ ἀκούοντι τοὺς λόγους τῆς προφητείας τοῦ βιβλίου τούτου· ἐάν τις ἐπιθῇ ἐπ᾽ αὐτά, ἐπιθήσει ὁ θεὸς ἐπ᾽ αὐτὸν τὰς πληγὰς τὰς γεγραμμένας ἐν τῷ βιβλίῳ τούτῳ, καὶ ἐάν τις ἀφέλῃ ἀπὸ τῶν λόγων τοῦ βιβλίου τῆς προφητείας ταύτης, ἀφελεῖ ὁ θεὸς τὸ μέρος αὐτοῦ ἀπὸ τοῦ ξύλου τῆς ζωῆς καὶ ἐκ τῆς πόλεως τῆς ἁγίας τῶν γεγραμμένων ἐν τῷ βιβλίῳ τούτῳ. Λέγει ὁ μαρτυρῶν ταῦτα· ναί, ἔρχομαι ταχύ. Ἀμήν, ἔρχου κύριε Ἰησοῦ. Ἡ χάρις τοῦ κυρίου Ἰησοῦ μετὰ πάντων. (132 words) NT 1516 Ἐγὼ Ἰησοῦς ἔπεμψα τὸν ἄγγελόν μου μαρτυρῆσαι ὑμῖν ταῦτα ταῖς ἐκκλησίαις. ἐγώ εἰμι ῥίζα καὶ τὸ γένος τοῦ Δαυίδ, ὁ ἀστὴρ λαμπρὸς καὶ ὀρθρινός. Καὶ τὸ πνεῦμα καὶ ἡ νύμφη λέγουσιν· ἐλθὲ. καὶ ὁ ἀκούων εἰπάτω· ἐλθὲ. καὶ ὁ διψῶν ἐλθέτω, καὶ ὁ θέλων λαμβανέτω τὸ ὕδωρ ζωῆς δωρεάν. Συμαρτυροῦμαι ἐγὼ παντὶ ἀκούοντι τοὺς λόγους προφητείας βιβλίου τούτου· εἴ τις ἐπιτιθῇ πρὸς ταῦτα, ἐπιθήσει ὁ θεὸς ἐπ᾽ αὐτὸν τὰς πληγὰς τὰς γεγραμμένας ἐν βιβλίῳ τούτῳ, καὶ εἴ τις ἀφαιρῇ ἀπὸ τῶν λόγων βιβλίου τῆς προφητείας ταύτης, ἀφαιρήσει ὁ θεὸς τὸ μέρος αὐτοῦ ἀπὸ βίβλου ζωῆς καὶ πόλεως ἁγίας καὶ τῶν γεγραμμένων ἐν βιβλίῳ τούτῳ. Λέγει ὁ μαρτυρῶν ταῦτα· ναί, ἔρχομαι ταχύ. Ἀμήν, ναί, ἔρχου κύριε Ἰησοῦ. Ἡ χάρις τοῦ κυρίου ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ μετὰ πάντων ὑμῶν. Ἀμήν. (126 words)

The comma Iohanneum (1 John 5:7–8) Quoniam tres sunt, qui testimonium dant in coelo: pater, sermo et spiritus sanctus, et hi tres unum sunt. Et tres sunt qui testimonium dant in terra: spiritus et aqua et sanguis et tres unum sunt. For there are three that testify in heaven: the Father, the Word, and the Holy Spirit, and these three are one. And there are three that testify on earth: the Spirit, the water, and the blood; and the three are in agreement.

1 John 5:7–8 (1516) ὅτι τρεῖς εἰσιν οἱ μαρτυροῦντες, τὸ πνεῦμα καὶ τὸ ὕδωρ καὶ τὸ αἷμα, καὶ οἱ τρεῖς εἰς τὸ ἕν εἰσιν. quoniam tres sunt qui testimonium dant: spiritus et aqua et sanguis. et hi tres unum sunt. For there are three that testify: the Spirit, the water, and the blood; and these three are one.

1 John 5:7–8 (1522) ὅτι τρεῖς εἰσιν οἱ μαρτυροῦντες ἐν οὐρανῷ, πατὴρ, λόγος καὶ πνεῦμα ἅγιον, καὶ οὗτοι οἱ τρεῖς ἕν εἰσιν. καὶ τρεῖς εἰσιν οἱ μαρτυροῦντες ἐν τῇ γῇ, πνεῦμα καὶ ὕδωρ καὶ αἷμα, καὶ οἱ τρεῖς εἰς τὸ ἕν εἰσιν. Quoniam tres sunt, qui testimonium dant in coelo: pater, sermo et spiritus sanctus, et hi tres unum sunt. Et tres sunt qui testimonium dant in terra: spiritus et aqua et sanguis et tres unum sunt. For there are three that testify in heaven: the Father, the Word, and the Holy Spirit, and these three are one. And there are three that testify on earth: the Spirit, the water, and the blood; and the three are in agreement.

1 Corinthians 13:1–3 VulgataErasmus 1516 Si linguis hominum loquar et angelorum, caritatem autem non habeam, factus sum velut aes sonans aut cymbalum tinniens. Si linguis hominum loquar et angelorum, caritatem autem non habeam, factus sum aes resonans aut cymbalum tinniens. (γέγονα χαλκὸς ἠχῶν) Et si habuero prophetiam et noverim mysteria omnia et omnem scientiam et habuero omnem fidem ita ut montes transferam caritatem autem non habuero nihil sum. Et si habeam prophetiam et noverim mysteria omnia et omnem scientiam et si habeam fidem adeo ut montes loco dimoveam, caritatem autem non habeam, nihil sum. Et si distribuero in cibos pauperum omnes facultates meas et si tradidero corpus meum, ut ardeam, caritatem autem non habuero, nihil mihi prodest. Et si insumam in alimoniam omnes facultates meas et si tradam corpus meum ut comburar caritatem autem non habeam nihil utilitatis capio.

1 Corinthians 13:4–10 VulgataErasmus 1516 Caritas patiens est, benigna est, caritas non aemulatur, non agit perperam, non inflatur, Caritas longanimis est, ( Ἡ ἀγάπη μακροθυμεῖ) benigna est, caritas non invidet, caritas non est procax, non inflatur, non est ambitiosa, non quaerit, quae sua sunt, non inritatur, non cogitat malum, non est fastidiosa, non quaerit, quae sua sunt, non inritatur, non cogitat malum, non gaudet super iniquitatem, congaudet autem veritati, non gaudet de iniustitia, sed congaudet veritati, omnia suffert, omnia credit, omnia sperat, omnia sustinet. omnia suffert, omnia credit, omnia sperat, omnia sustinet. Caritas numquam excidit, sive prophetiae evacuabuntur, sive linguae cessabaunt, sive scientia destruetur. Caritas numquam excidit, sive prophetiae abolebuntur, sive linguae cessabaunt, sive scientia abolebitur. Ex parte enim cognoscimus et ex parte prophetamus. Ex parte enim cognoscimus et ex parte prophetamus. Cum autem venerit quod perfectum est, evacuabitur quod ex parte est. Ast ubi venerit quod perfectum est, tunc quod ex parte est, abolebitur.

Annotations on 1 Corinthians 13

Annotation on 1 Corinthians 7:39 (1516)

Erasmus, Manuscript for the 2nd ed. (1519)

Annotation on 1 Corinthians 7:39 (1519)

Jerome and Erasmus by Albrecht Duerer

Biblia polyglotta Complutensis (Alcalá, 1514!)

Hic frigent artes! Sic transit Latinum!

… sed manet gloria Erasmi!

Dr. Urs B. Leu, Head of Rare Books Department, Zentralbibliothek Zürich: The Reformation and Bible Printing in Zurich

Froschauer-Bible 1534 owned and annotated by the Swiss Anabaptist Jörg Frell (1530–1597 )

Moravian Hutterites imprisoned in Zurich (1574)

Radical pietistic Cloister of Ephrata (PA)

Dr. Max Engammare, Director of the Librairie Droz, University of Geneva: Calvin and the Correction of the Bible in Geneva (1535–1560)

Olivetan Bible, Neuchatel, Pierre de Vingles, 1535

The Zwingli Bible, Zurich, Christoph Froschauer, 1531 The Luther Bible, Wittenberg, Hans Lufft, 1534, 2nd part, The Prophets in German

The Lefevre d’Etaples Bible, Anvers, Martin De Keyser, 1534

Bible, Geneva, Jean Girard, 1540 Bible, Geneva, Jean Girard, 1546

The Bible, Geneva, Robert Estienne (Stephanus), 1553

New Testament, Geneva, Jean Girard, 1555

Bible, Geneva, Barbier et Courteau, 1562

Bible, Geneva, François Estienne, 1567

The Genevan Bible 1588 (folio), copy bound for Henry of Navarre, kept in Geneva after he converted to Catholicism (1593)

Bible of the Genevan Pastors and Professors, Geneva, Jérémie Des Planches, 1588 (octavo)

Castellio Bible, Basle, Johann Herwagen, 1555

Dr. Hans-Anton Drewes, Director em. of the Karl Barth-Archive Basel: Against the Stream: The Swiss Theologian Karl Barth (1886–1968)

Barth’s Farewell Lecture on March 1st, 1962

Barth in the Lecture Hall at Basel University in 1960

Barth’s parish and the parish garden in Safenwil (in the background on the hill: Safenwil Church)

Barth in Safenwil probably in 1916

Barth working on his Commentary on the Letter to the Romans

Barth’s exercise book no. 8 with the first draft of his Commentary on Romans 6:3–17

Explanation of Romans 6:3

Continuation of the explanation of Romans 6:3

Barth in 1933–1934

The first draft of the Barmen Declaration 1934 in Barth’s handwriting

The first draft of the Barmen Declaration 1934 in Barth’s handwriting: Article 1–3

The first draft of the Barmen Declaration 1934 in Barth’s handwriting: Article 4–5

Barth serving in the Swiss Army in World War II

Barth in a discussion in Chicago in 1962

Barth’s lecture on baptism: Manuscript 1960

Barth’s lecture on baptism: Typoscript 1960

Barth on the Gettysburg Civil War Battlefield in 1962