II. Church Greek “flexible”

Goals Pass two - deeper than Strong’s Reverse Interlinear (English-Greek) Englishman’s Concordance Go deeper into Greek grammar (case, verbs, pronouns, modifiers, conjunctions) Phrasing

Nouns “flexible”

Review: Inflection (Cases) Nominative Subject λόγος Genitive “of” λόγου Dative “to,” “in,” “by” λόγῳ Accusative Direct object λόγον

Inflection: Number and Gender masc fem neut nom sg λόγος γραφή ἔργον nom pl λόγοι γραφαί ἔργα

Parsing ὁ λόγος ἡ γραφή τὸ ἔργον τοῦ λόγου τῆς γραφῆς τοῦ ἔργου nom sg ὁ λόγος ἡ γραφή τὸ ἔργον gen sg τοῦ λόγου τῆς γραφῆς τοῦ ἔργου dat sg τῷ λόγῳ τῇ γραφῆ/ τῷ ἔργῳ acc sg τὸν λόγον τὴν γραφὴν nom pl οἱ λογοί αἱ γραφαί τὰ ἔργα gen pl τῶν λόγων τῶν γραφῶν τῶν ἔργων dat pl τοῖς λόγοις ταῖς γραφαῖς τοῖς ἔργοις acc pl τοὺς λόγους τὰς γραφάς

Nominative Case Nominative Subject λόγος Genitive “Of” λόγου Dative “To,” “in,” “by” λόγῳ Accusative Direct object λόγον

Nominative: Subject Matt 6:14 ESV: “For if you forgive others their trespasses, your heavenly Father (πατήρ) will also forgive you.”

Nominative: Predicate Nominative John 4:24 “God is spirit” (πνεῦμα ὁ θεός).

Nominative: Simple Apposition Luke 1:24 “After these days, Elizabeth ( Ἐλισάβετ ) his wife (ἡ γυνή) became pregnant, and she kept herself in seclusion for five months.”

Nominative: Unexpressed Subject Matt 5:20 “For I tell (λέγω) you that unless your righteousness exceeds beyond that of the scribes and Pharisees, you will never enter the kingdom of heaven.”

Accusative Case Nominative Subject λόγος Genitive “Of” λόγου Dative “To,” “in,” “by” λόγῳ Accusative Direct object λόγον

Accusative: Direct Object 2 Tim 1:7 ESV: “God gave us a spirit (πνεῦμα) not of fear but of power and love and self-control” (ESV).

Accusative: Object of Preposition 1 Tim 1:15 ESV: “The saying is trustworthy and deserving of full acceptance, that Christ Jesus came into (εἰς) the world (τὸν κόσμον) to save sinners, of whom I am the foremost.”

Accusative: Simple Apposition Acts 16:31 “Believe in the Lord (κύριον) Jesus (Ἰησοῦν), and you will be saved, you and your household.”

Double Accusative (Person/Thing) 1 Cor 4:17 Timothy “will remind you (ὑμᾶς) of my ways (ὁδούς) in Christ Jesus, as I teach them everywhere in every church.”

Double Accusative (Object/Complement) Matt 22:43 “He said to them, ‘How then does David in the Spirit call him (αὐτόν) ‘Lord (κύριον).’’

Double Accusative (Object/Complement) John 4:46 “Once more he visited Cana in Galilee, where he had turned the water (ὕδωρ) into wine (οἶνον)” (NIV).

Accusative: Subject of Infinitive Luke 18:16 “Let the little children (παιδία) come (ἔρχεσθαι) to me, and do not hinder them, for the kingdom of God belongs to such as these” (NIV).

Dative Case Nominative Subject λόγος Genitive “Of” λόγου Dative “To,” “in,” “by” λόγῳ Accusative Direct object λόγον

Dative Proper “to” Locative “in” Instrumental “by” Preposition

Dative: Without Preposition Mark 1:8 “I baptize you with water (ὕδατι), but he will baptize you with the Holy Spirit (ἐν πνεύματι ἁγίῳ).”

Dative: Indirect Object (“to”) John 4:10 “Give me (μοι) a drink” (Jn 4:10)

Dative: Object of Preposition 1 Tim 1:2 NIV: “To Timothy my true son in the faith (ἐν πίστει): Grace, mercy and peace from God the Father and Christ Jesus our Lord.

Dative: Interest 2 Cor 5:13 “If we are out of our minds, it is for God (θεῷ); if we are of sound mind, it is for you (ὑμῖν).”

Dative: Interest (Advantage) 2 Cor 5:13 “If it seems we are crazy, it is to bring glory to God. And if we are in our right minds, it is for your benefit” (NLT).

Dative: Interest (Disadvantage) James 5:3 “Your gold and your silver have rusted and their rust will be a witness against you (ὑμῖν).”

Dative: Reference Rom 6:2 “How can we who died to sin (τῇ ἁμαρτίᾳ) still live in it?”

Dative: Simple Apposition Rom 6:23 “For the wages of sin is death, but the free gift of God is eternal life in Christ Jesus (Χριστῷ Ἰησοῦ) our Lord (κυρίῳ).”

Locative: Sphere (“in”) Acts 16:5 “So the churches were strengthened in the faith (τῇ πίστει), and they increased in numbers daily” (Acts 16:5).

Instrumental: Means (“by”) Rom 3:28 NRSV. “For we hold that a person is justified by faith (πίστει) apart from works prescribed by the law.”

Genitive Case Nominative Subject λόγος Genitive “Of” λόγου Dative “To,” “in,” “by” λόγῳ Accusative Direct object λόγον

Genitive Case Genitive: “of” “Head noun” Ambiguity

Genitive: Descriptive Rom 6:6 ESV: “We know that our old self was crucified with him in order that the body of sin (τῆς ἁμαρτίας) might be brought to nothing.”

Genitive: Possessive John 20:28 “Thomas replied to him, saying, ‘My (μου) Lord, and my (μου) God!’”

Genitive: Object of Preposition Matt 3:16 “And when Jesus was baptized, immediately he went up from (ἀπό) the water (ὕδατος).”

Genitive: Comparison Mark 12:32 “The second is this: ‘You shall love your neighbor as yourself.’ There is no other commandment greater than (μείζων) these (τούτων).” 

Genitive: Simple Apposition Titus 2:13 We are “waiting for the blessed hope, the appearing of the glory of our great God (θεοῦ) and Savior (σωτῆρος) Jesus Christ ( Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ ).”

Genitive: Apposition Luke 2:41 “Now his parents went year by year to Jerusalem for the feast (ἑορτῇ) of Passover (πάσχα).”

Genitive: Apposition John 11:13 “Jesus, however, had been speaking of his death, but they thought that he was speaking about sleep (κοιμήσεως) in the sense of slumber (ὕπνου)” (NIV: “natural sleep”).

βασιλεία

ἔθνος

ἡμέρα

Ἰουδαῖος

ὄχλος

πόλις

υἱός

χάρις

χείρ