“Before leaving this decree (scil “Before leaving this decree (scil. il decreto sulla monetazione), may I appeal to the experts, and primarily the authors of this book, to reconsider its date before the weight of their authority gives unquestioned validity to their present view?” M.N. Tod, JHS 69 (1949), 106 “... it has become vital to date as many fifth-century inscriptions as possible by internal evidence and historical probability … This means radically reversing the normal procedure … The forms of sigma and rho have put many decrees in contexts where they do not really make full sense.” H.B. Mattingly, “Athens and Euboea”, JHS 81 (1961), p. 132

“The movement begun by Mattingly more than forty years ago is finally gathering steam and there are many intriguing possibilities for future research for younger scholars approaching these crucial documents without preconceptions about the primacy of formal dating criteria” R.S. Stroud, The Athenian Empire on Stone. David M. Lewis Memorial Lecture, Oxford 2006, Αθήνα 2006, p. 35

‘the late fine plain style with three-bar sigma’ “By nature … dating in this manner (scil. sulla base della forma delle lettere) is inexact and can only provide an approximate guide to the date of any particular inscription” S. Tracy, ZPE 190 (2014), 105

Contestualizzazione storica: dovrebbe sempre avere la precedenza su tutte le altre considerazioni Caratteristiche grammaticali e lessicali del testo: somiglianze nell’idioma, nel formulario, nella sintassi Arconte eponimo: i nomi degli arconti eponimi iniziano a comparire (in maniera pressoché regolare) nei prescritti dei decreti attici a partire dal 421/0 a.C. “Historical context, prosopography, phraseology, language and grammar should have priority as criteria for the dating of epigraphic documents” (A.P. Matthaiou)

IG I3 11 – Decreto relativo a Segesta [χσυμμαχία καὶ ℎόρ]κ̣ο̣[ς] Ἀ̣[θ]ε̣ν̣α̣[ίον κα]ὶ Ἐγεσταί[ον]. [ἔδοχσεν τε͂ι βολε͂ι καὶ τ]ο͂ι [δέμοι· ․․6․․․ὶς] ἐπρυτάνευε, [․․․․] [․c.4․ ἐγραμμάτευε, ․c.4․]ο[․․5․․]Ι[․․․․․ [Ἀν]τιφο͂ν ἐ͂ρχε, Ἀρ[χί]α̣[ς] [εἶπεν· περὶ μὲν Ἐγεστα]ίο[ν τὸ]ν [ℎό]ρ̣[κον ․․5․․ δ]ο͂ν[α]ι αὐτο[ῖς ․․] 5 [․․․․․․․․․20․․․․․․․․․]οσα̣[․․․․․․․16․․․․․․․]δ[․․]ε[․․5․․] [․․․․․․․․․21․․․․․․․․․․]σ[․]ι̣[․․․․․12․․․․․]αι τὸς δι̣[․․5․․] [․․․․․․․․19․․․․․․․․․]ερ[․․․․]θ̣[․․․․]ν̣[․]α̣ [ℎ]ι̣ερὰ [ℎ]όσομπ̣[ε]ρ̣ ε[․] [․․․․․․․․18․․․․․․․․ τ]ὸν ℎό[ρκ]ον̣ ὀ̣[μνύν]α̣[ι· ℎόπ]ος δ’ ἂν ὀμό[σοσ]- [ιν ℎάπαντες ℎοι στρατ]εγοὶ ἐπιμελεθέν[τον παρ]αγγ[ε]λ[․․5․․] 10 [․․․․․․․․18․․․․․․․․ τ]ο͂ν ℎορκοτο͂ν ℎόπ[ος ․․5․․] Ἐγ[εσταιο․] [․․․․11․․․․․· τὸ δὲ φσέ]φισμα τόδε καὶ τὸν [ℎόρκ]ο[ν] ἀνα[γρ]ά̣[φσα]- [ι ἐστέλει λιθίνει ἐμ π]όλει τὸν γραμματέα τε͂ς βολε͂ς· [ℎοι δὲ π]- [ολεταὶ ἀπομισθοσάντ]ον· ℎο[ι] δὲ κολακρέται δό[ν]το[ν τὸ ἀργύρ]- [ιον· καλέσαι δὲ καὶ ἐπ]ὶ χσένια τὲν πρεσβείαν το͂ν Ἐ[γεσταίον] 15 [ἐς πρυτανεῖον ἐς τὸν] νομιζόμενον χρόνον. v Εὔφεμ[ος εἶπε· τὰ] [μὲν ἄλλα καθάπερ τε͂ι β]ολε͂ι· τὸ δὲ λοιπὸν ἐπειδὰν π̣[ρέσβες Ἐγ]- [εσταίον ἀφικνο͂νται, ℎο κ]ε͂ρυχς προσαγ̣[έτο ․․․․․․14․․․․․․] [․․․․․․․․․․23․․․․․․․․․․․ τὸ]ς̣ π[ρέσβες? ․․․․․․15․․․․․․․]                              lacuna frg. b.19 [πρέσβες] Ἐγεσταί[ον ℎοίδε τὸν ℎόρκον ὄμνυον· ․․․․․12․․․․․] 20 [․․․7․․․]ικίνο Ἀπ[․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․34․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․․]

IG I3 21 – Decreto relativo a Mileto ll. 10-16 10 [․․․․11․․․․․] τριερ̣[․․․8․․․․] τ̣ο͂ν στρατιο[τ]ί̣δ[ον ․․․․․․․․19․․․․․․․․․] [․․․․․․․․․․22․․․․․․․․․․] ὅπλα παρέχεσθαι κ̣[․․․․․․․․․21․․․․․․․․․․] [․․․․․․․․․․22․․․․․․․․․․]ε· ὑπερετε͂ν [δ]ὲ τού[τοις ․․․․․․․․18․․․․․․․․] [․․․․․․․․․20․․․․․․․․․ τέ]τταρας ὀβο[λὸ]ς π[․․․․․․․․․․23․․․․․․․․․․․] [․․․․․․․․․21․․․․․․․․․․]ον ℎεκ<ά>στο [το͂] σόμ̣[ατος ․․․․․․․․․20․․․․․․․․․] 15 [․․․․․․․16․․․․․․․ Ἀθέν]α̣ζε τοῖς στρ̣[α]τιό[τεσι ․․․․․․․․․21․․․․․․․․․․] [․․․․․․․17․․․․․․․․ Ἀθέ]ναζε ℎό τι δ’ ἂ̣[ν] τὸ [․․․․․․․․․․․․26․․․․․․․․․․․․]

[τὸ] δὲ ψέφισμ[α τόδε καὶ τὸν ὅρκον ἀναγραψάτο ὁ γραμ]- IG I3 37 – Decreto relativo a Colofone ll. 38 sgg. [τὸ] δὲ ψέφισμ[α τόδε καὶ τὸν ὅρκον ἀναγραψάτο ὁ γραμ]- [μα]τεὺς ὁ τε͂ς β[ολε͂ς ἐστέλει λιθίνει ἐμ πόλει τέλεσ]- 40 [ι τ]οῖς Κολοφο[νίον· Κολοφο͂νι δὲ ταῦτα καὶ τὸν ὅρκ]- [ον] ἀναγράψαν[τες ἐστέλει λιθίνει οἱ ἐς Κολοφο͂να] οἰκισταὶ κατα[θέντον ἐν τόποι ὅτοι τάττει Κολοφ]- ονίον ὁ νόμος· [Κολοφονίος δ’ ὀμόσαι· δράσο καὶ ἐ]- ρο͂ καὶ βολεύσο [ὅ τι ἂν δύνομαι καλὸν καὶ ἀγαθὸν πε]- 45 ρὶ τὸν δε͂μον τ[ὸν Ἀθεναίον καὶ περὶ τὲν ἀποικί]- [α]ν καὶ οὐκ ἀποστ̣[έσομαι το͂ δέμο το͂ Ἀθεναίον οὔτε] [λ]όγοι οὔτ’ ἔργ[οι οὔτ’ αὐτὸς ἐγὸ οὔτ’ ἄλλοι πείσομαι] [κ]αὶ φιλέσο τὸ[ν δε͂μον τὸν Ἀθεναίον καὶ οὐκ αὐτομο]- [λ]έσο καὶ δεμο[κρατίαν οὐ καταλύσο Κολοφο͂νι οὔτ’ α]- 50 ὐ̣τὸς ἐγὸ οὔτ’ ἄ[λλοι πείσομαι οὔτ’ ἐς ἄλλεν ἀφιστά]- μενος πόλιν ο[ὔτ’ αὐτόθι στασιάζον, κατὰ δὲ τὸν ὅρκ]- ον ἀλεθε͂ [τ]αῦτ[α ἐμπεδόσο ἀδόλος καὶ ἀβλαβο͂ς νὲ τὸν] [Δ]ία καὶ τὸν Ἀπό[λλο καὶ τὲν Δέμετρα, καὶ εἰ μὲν ταῦτ]- [α] παραβ<α>ίνοιμ[ι ἐξόλες εἴεν καὶ αὐτὸς ἐγὸ καὶ τὸ γ]- 55 [έ]νος τὸ ἐμὸν [ἐς τὸν ἅπαντα χρόνον, εὐορκο͂ντι δὲ εἴε] μοι πο[λ]λὰ καὶ [ἀγαθά — — — — — — — — — — — — — — —]

IG I3 14 – Decreto relativo ad Erythrai ll. 1-4 [ἔδοχσεν τε͂ι βολε͂ι καὶ το͂ι δέμοι· — — — ἐπρυτάνευε, — — —] [․․․․] ἐπεστάτε, Λ[․․․]Ι[— — — — — — — — — — — — — — Ἐρ]- [υθραί]ος ἀπάγ̣εν̣ σ̣[ῖ]το̣[ν ἐς] Παναθέναια τὰ με̣γ̣ά<λα ἄ>χσ[ιον μὲ ὀ]- [λέζο]νος ἒ τριο͂ν μνο͂ν καὶ ν[έ]μ[ε]ν̣ Ἐρυθραίον [τ]ο[ῖ]ς παρο͂σι̣ν̣  ll. 9 sgg. – βολὲν̣ [ἐ͂]ναι̣ ε[ἴ]κοσ̣ι καὶ [ℎ]εκατὸν ἄνδ̣ρας· τὸν δὲ 10 — — — — — — — — ἐν τ̣ε̣͂ι <β>ολε͂ι καὶ — — — — — — ἐ͂ναι βολε[ύεν] [με]δ’ ὄλεζον ἒ τρ[ι]άκοντα [ἔτ]ε̣ γ̣εγονό[τ]α· δίοχ̣σιν δ’ ἐ͂ναι [κατ]- [ὰ τ]ο͂[ν] ἐλ̣εχθ̣έν[τ]ο[ν]. βολεύεν δὲ μὲ ἐντ[ὸ]ς τεττάρον ἐ{ι}το͂ν — — κυαμεῦσα[ι δ]ὲ καὶ κατασ[τ]ε͂σαι [τ]ὲ̣ν μὲν ν[ῦν] βολὲν [τ]ὸς [ἐπισκ]- [όπ]ος καὶ [τὸν] φ̣ρ[ό]ρ̣αρχον, τὸ δὲ λοιπὸν τὲν̣ βολὲν καὶ τὸν [φρόρ]- 15 αρχον, μὲ̣ ὄλε[ζ]ον ἒ [τ]ρ̣ιάκ̣οντα ἑ̣μ[έ]ρ̣ας π[ρὶ]ν ἐ̣χσιέναι [τὲν βολ]- έν· ὀμνύναι [δὲ Δ]ία κα[ὶ] Ἀπό[λ]λο καὶ Δέμε[τρα] ἐ̣παρομ̣έ̣νο[ς ἐχσό]- [λ]ειαν ἐ̣φ̣[ιορκο͂σι — — — — κ]αὶ παι[σ]ὶν ἐχσό[λεια]ν — — — — — — — — — — — κατ̣ὰ [ℎ]ιερ̣ο̣͂ν̣ — — — — — τ̣[ὲ]ν δὲ βολὲν μ̣ὲ̣ ὄ̣λ̣[ε]ζ̣ον [κ]ατα[καί]- [εν] — — — — — [ἐὰ]ν̣ δὲ μέ, ἐ͂ναι ζ̣εμιο͂σαι [χι]λ[ία]σ[ι]ν δ̣[ραχμε͂σ]- 20 [ι] — — — — — — — — — — — — — — [τ]ὸν δε͂μον κατακαίειν μὲ ὄλεζ̣ον· ὀμν[ύ]να[ι δὲ τά]δε [τὲν] β̣ολέν· β̣ολεύσο ℎος ἂν [δύ]νο[μ]α̣[ι] ἄρ̣ι̣στ[α κα]- [ὶ] δ[ι]κα[ιότα]τα Ἐρυθραίον το͂ι πλέθει καὶ Ἀθεναίον καὶ το͂ν [χσυ]- νμά[χ]ον [κ]αὶ οὐκ [ἀποσ]τέσομαι Ἀθεναίον το͂ π[λ]έθος οὐδὲ [τ]- [ο͂ν] χσυνμάχον το͂ν Ἀθεναίον οὔτ’ αὐτὸς ἐγὸ ο[ὔ]τ’ ἄ[λ]λοι̣ π̣ε[ί]σομ̣[αι] 25 [οὐ]δ̣’ — — — οὔτ’ αὐτὸς ἐγὸ οὔτ’ ἄλλο[ι π]εί[σομαι] — — — — — — — — — — — — — το͂ν φ̣[υγάδ]ον [κατ]αδέχσομαι οὐδ[ὲ] ℎένα οὔτ’ — — — — — — — — — — [ἄλλο]ι πείσο̣[μ]α̣[ι το͂ν ἐς] Μέδος φ̣ε[υ]γ̣ό[ντο]ν ἄνευ τε̣͂[ς] β̣ο[λε͂ς τε͂ς] [Ἀθε]ναίον καὶ το͂ [δ]έ̣μο [ο]ὐδὲ το͂ν μενόντον ἐχσελο͂ [ἄ]ν[ευ] τε̣͂ς β̣[ο]- [λε͂ς] τ̣ε͂ς Ἀθεναίον καὶ [τὸ] δ̣έμ̣ο· ἐὰν δέ τ[ι]ς ἀποκτέ̣νει̣ [Ἐρυθρα]- 30 [ῖ]ος ℎέτερον Ἐρυ̣θ̣ρ̣[αῖ]ον, τεθ[ν]άτ̣ο ἐὰν [γν]οσθε͂ι — — — — — — — — — — [γν]οσθε͂ι̣ φ̣ευ̣γέτο ℎ̣άπ̣ασ[αν] τὲ[ν] Ἀθεναίον χσυνμαχί̣[․․ κ]- [αὶ τ]ὰ χρέματα δεμόσ[ια ἔσ]τ̣ο Ἐρυθραίον·

Menzione degli “alleati” nei giuramenti dei decreti ateniesi Erythrai (453/2 a.C.?) - PRESENTE Colofone (447/6 a.C.?) – ASSENTE Calcide ed Eretria (446/5 a.C.?) – ASSENTE Samo (439/8 a.C.) - PRESENTE