Microstrip patch Yagi array Antenna 1 : Results

Microstrip patch Yagi array Antenna 1 : sketches, objectives and parameters

Antenna Structure: Antenna Parameters Name Description f₀₁ First operating frequency f₀₂ Second operating frequency Lr Length of reflector Lde Length of driven element Ld1 Length of first director Ld2 Length of second director Wr Width of reflector Wde Width of driven element Wd1 Width of first director Wd2 Width of second director

Antenna Structure: Antenna Parameters (2) Name Description Sr Spacing between driven element and reflector Sd1 Spacing between driven element and first director Sd2 Spacing between first and second director Sy Spacing between reflectors of adjacent Yagis Sf1 Inset of feed 1 Sf2 Inset of feed 2 εᵣ Relative permittivity H Substrate height Dw Diameter of feed wire X Antenna width

Antenna Structure: Antenna Parameters (3) Name Description Y Antenna length Z Antenna thickness La Length of array Wa Width of array Dg Diameter of groudnplane

Sketches Top view 1 Top view 2

Sketches (2) Feed view End / side view

Design 1: Preview

Design 1: Front Side Preview

Design 1: Left Side Preview

Design 1: Right Side Preview

Design 1: Top Side Preview

Design 1: Bottom Side Preview

Design 1: Design Objectives Objective Group: Mobile satellite vehicle application Name Description Value f₀₁ First operating frequency 1.552 GHz f₀₂ Second operating frequency 1.654 GHz

Design 1: Physical Parameters Name Description Value Lr Length of reflector 63.5 mm Lde Length of driven element 55.88 mm Ld1 Length of first director 53.34 mm Ld2 Length of second director Wr Width of reflector Wde Width of driven element Wd1 Width of first director Wd2 Width of second director Sr Spacing between driven element and reflector 3.302 mm Sd1 Spacing between driven element and first director 2.286 mm

Design 1: Physical Parameters (2) Name Description Value Sd2 Spacing between first and second director 2.286 mm Sy Spacing between reflectors of adjacent Yagis 50.8 mm Sf1 Inset of feed 1 10.16 mm Sf2 Inset of feed 2 15.24 mm εᵣ Relative permittivity 2.5 H Substrate height 6.35 mm Dw Diameter of feed wire 1 mm

Design 1: Derived Quantities Name Description Value X Antenna width 534.6 mm Y Antenna length Z Antenna thickness 6.35 mm La Length of array 233.9 mm Wa Width of array 406.4 mm Dg Diameter of groudnplane

Microstrip patch Yagi array Antenna 1 : estimated performance charts

Impedance vs frequency

Impedance vs frequency Input Impedance vs Frequency Design 1 Peak real impedance @ frequency 120.6 Ω @ 1.508 GHz Real impedance @ zero-crossing frequency 85.19 Ω @ 1.668 GHz Mean real impedance 52.03 Ω Mean imaginary impedance 4.846 Ω

Impedance vs frequency

Impedance vs frequency Reflection coefficient (20log|Γ|) Design 1 Minimum S11 value -16.40 dB @ 1.554 GHz Frequency at which S11 = -10 dB 1.680 GHz Reference impedance @ port 1 50 Ω

Impedance vs frequency

Impedance vs frequency VSWR Design 1 Minimum VSWR value 1.357 @ 1.554 GHz Frequency at which VSWR = 2 1.682 GHz Reference impedance @ port 1 50 Ω

Impedance vs frequency Input Impedance (Smith)

Impedance vs frequency Input Impedance (Smith) Design 1 Frequency at which VSWR = 2 1.682 GHz Minimum VSWR value 1.357 Reference impedance @ port 1 50 Ω

Radiation pattern (at the receive centre frequency)

Radiation pattern (at the receive centre frequency) Gain (Total - normalised)

Radiation pattern (at the receive centre frequency) Gain (Total - normalised) Design 1 Peak gain @ angle (freq) [φ = 0 °] 0.2668 dBi @ θ = -10 ° (1.552 GHz) Main 3dB beamwidth (freq) [φ = 0 °] 33.16 ° Peak gain @ angle (freq) [φ = 90 °] 7.829 dBi @ θ = 50 ° (1.552 GHz) Main 3dB beamwidth (freq) [φ = 90 °] 38.96 ° Peak gain @ angle (freq) [θ = 90 °] 0.4818 dBi @ φ = 58 ° (1.552 GHz) Main 3dB beamwidth (freq) [θ = 90 °] 102.6 °

Radiation pattern (at the receive centre frequency)

Radiation pattern (at the receive centre frequency) Gain (LHC - normalised)

Radiation pattern (at the receive centre frequency) Gain (LHC - normalised) Design 1 Peak gain @ angle (freq) [φ = 0 °] -0.6052 dBi @ θ = -8 ° (1.552 GHz) Main 3dB beamwidth (freq) [φ = 0 °] 29.54 ° Peak gain @ angle (freq) [φ = 90 °] 5.719 dBi @ θ = 48 ° (1.552 GHz) Main 3dB beamwidth (freq) [φ = 90 °] 40.48 ° Peak gain @ angle (freq) [θ = 90 °] -2.061 dBi @ φ = 124 ° (1.552 GHz) Main 3dB beamwidth (freq) [θ = 90 °] 102.0 °

Radiation pattern (at the receive centre frequency)

Radiation pattern (at the receive centre frequency) Gain (RHC - normalised)

Radiation pattern (at the receive centre frequency) Gain (RHC - normalised) Design 1 Peak gain @ angle (freq) [φ = 0 °] -5.586 dBi @ θ = -20 ° (1.552 GHz) Main 3dB beamwidth (freq) [φ = 0 °] 32.04 ° Peak gain @ angle (freq) [φ = 90 °] 3.767 dBi @ θ = 52 ° (1.552 GHz) Main 3dB beamwidth (freq) [φ = 90 °] 37.31 ° Peak gain @ angle (freq) [θ = 90 °] -1.475 dBi @ φ = 60 ° (1.552 GHz) Main 3dB beamwidth (freq) [θ = 90 °] 81.72 °

Radiation pattern (at the receive centre frequency)

Radiation pattern (at the receive centre frequency) Gain (Horizontal - normalised)

Radiation pattern (at the receive centre frequency) Gain (Horizontal - normalised) Design 1 Peak gain @ angle (freq) [φ = 0 °] -0.3998 dBi @ θ = -8 ° (1.552 GHz) Main 3dB beamwidth (freq) [φ = 0 °] 26.00 ° Peak gain @ angle (freq) [φ = 90 °] -4.984 dBi @ θ = 22 ° (1.552 GHz) Main 3dB beamwidth (freq) [φ = 90 °] 37.96 ° Peak gain @ angle (freq) [θ = 90 °] -7.478 dBi @ φ = 44 ° (1.552 GHz) Main 3dB beamwidth (freq) [θ = 90 °] 36.64 °

Radiation pattern (at the receive centre frequency)

Radiation pattern (at the receive centre frequency) Gain (Vertical - normalised)

Radiation pattern (at the receive centre frequency) Gain (Vertical - normalised) Design 1 Peak gain @ angle (freq) [φ = 0 °] -4.101 dBi @ θ = -24 ° (1.552 GHz) Main 3dB beamwidth (freq) [φ = 0 °] 22.76 ° Peak gain @ angle (freq) [φ = 90 °] 7.747 dBi @ θ = 50 ° (1.552 GHz) Main 3dB beamwidth (freq) [φ = 90 °] 38.33 ° Peak gain @ angle (freq) [θ = 90 °] 0.0406 dBi @ φ = 62 ° (1.552 GHz) Main 3dB beamwidth (freq) [θ = 90 °] 97.59 °

Radiation pattern (at the receive centre frequency)

Radiation pattern (at the receive centre frequency) Axial Ratio (Handed)

Radiation pattern (at the receive centre frequency) Axial Ratio (Handed) Design 1 Maximum axial ratio @ angle [φ=0 °] 729.5e-3 @ θ=-138 ° Minimum axial ratio @ angle [φ=0 °] -912.1e-3 @ θ=28 ° Maximum axial ratio @ angle [φ=90 °] 948.2e-3 @ θ=-150 ° Minimum axial ratio @ angle [φ=90 °] -688.8e-3 @ θ=168 ° Maximum axial ratio @ angle [θ=90 °] 273.2e-3 @ φ=212 ° Minimum axial ratio @ angle [θ=90 °] -398.3e-3 @ φ=324 °

Radiation pattern (at the receive centre frequency)

Radiation pattern (at the receive centre frequency) Axial Ratio (IEEE)

Radiation pattern (at the receive centre frequency) Axial Ratio (IEEE) Design 1 Maximum axial ratio @ angle [φ=0 °] 80 dB @ θ=88 ° Minimum axial ratio @ angle [φ=0 °] 798.8e-3 dB @ θ=28 ° Maximum axial ratio @ angle [φ=90 °] 49.96 dB @ θ=148 ° Minimum axial ratio @ angle [φ=90 °] 462.2e-3 dB @ θ=-150 ° Maximum axial ratio @ angle [θ=90 °] 51.53 dB @ φ=84 ° Minimum axial ratio @ angle [θ=90 °] 7.995 dB @ φ=324 °

Radiation pattern (at the receive centre frequency)

Radiation pattern (at the receive centre frequency) Ludwig III (Co)

Radiation pattern (at the receive centre frequency) Ludwig III (Co) Design 1 Peak gain @ angle (freq) [φ = 0 °] -0.2391 dBi @ θ = -10 ° (1.552 GHz) Main 3dB beamwidth (freq) [φ = 0 °] 31.48 ° Peak gain @ angle (freq) [φ = 90 °] 5.535 dBi @ θ = 58 ° (1.552 GHz) Main 3dB beamwidth (freq) [φ = 90 °] 37.77 ° Peak gain @ angle (freq) [θ = 90 °] 0.0406 dBi @ φ = 62 ° (1.552 GHz) Main 3dB beamwidth (freq) [θ = 90 °] 97.59 °

Radiation pattern (at the receive centre frequency)

Radiation pattern (at the receive centre frequency) Ludwig III (Cross)

Radiation pattern (at the receive centre frequency) Ludwig III (Cross) Design 1 Peak gain @ angle (freq) [φ = 0 °] -8.765 dBi @ θ = -4 ° (1.552 GHz) Main 3dB beamwidth (freq) [φ = 0 °] 40.17 ° Peak gain @ angle (freq) [φ = 90 °] 5.484 dBi @ θ = 42 ° (1.552 GHz) Main 3dB beamwidth (freq) [φ = 90 °] 30.23 ° Peak gain @ angle (freq) [θ = 90 °] -7.478 dBi @ φ = 44 ° (1.552 GHz) Main 3dB beamwidth (freq) [θ = 90 °] 36.64 °

Radiation pattern (at the transmit centre frequency)

Radiation pattern (at the transmit centre frequency) Gain (Total - normalised)

Radiation pattern (at the transmit centre frequency) Gain (Total - normalised) Design 1 Peak gain @ angle (freq) [φ = 0 °] -2.707 dBi @ θ = -14 ° (1.654 GHz) Main 3dB beamwidth (freq) [φ = 0 °] 74.57 ° Peak gain @ angle (freq) [φ = 90 °] 8.771 dBi @ θ = 56 ° (1.654 GHz) Main 3dB beamwidth (freq) [φ = 90 °] 41.02 ° Peak gain @ angle (freq) [θ = 90 °] 3.609 dBi @ φ = 94 ° (1.654 GHz) Main 3dB beamwidth (freq) [θ = 90 °] 62.82 °

Radiation pattern (at the transmit centre frequency)

Radiation pattern (at the transmit centre frequency) Gain (LHC - normalised)

Radiation pattern (at the transmit centre frequency) Gain (LHC - normalised) Design 1 Peak gain @ angle (freq) [φ = 0 °] -6.531 dBi @ θ = 18 ° (1.654 GHz) Main 3dB beamwidth (freq) [φ = 0 °] 54.84 ° Peak gain @ angle (freq) [φ = 90 °] 5.125 dBi @ θ = 54 ° (1.654 GHz) Main 3dB beamwidth (freq) [φ = 90 °] 41.45 ° Peak gain @ angle (freq) [θ = 90 °] 0.4588 dBi @ φ = 106 ° (1.654 GHz) Main 3dB beamwidth (freq) [θ = 90 °] 51.08 °

Radiation pattern (at the transmit centre frequency)

Radiation pattern (at the transmit centre frequency) Gain (RHC - normalised)

Radiation pattern (at the transmit centre frequency) Gain (RHC - normalised) Design 1 Peak gain @ angle (freq) [φ = 0 °] -3.923 dBi @ θ = -14 ° (1.654 GHz) Main 3dB beamwidth (freq) [φ = 0 °] 44.78 ° Peak gain @ angle (freq) [φ = 90 °] 6.390 dBi @ θ = 58 ° (1.654 GHz) Main 3dB beamwidth (freq) [φ = 90 °] 40.17 ° Peak gain @ angle (freq) [θ = 90 °] 1.754 dBi @ φ = 84 ° (1.654 GHz) Main 3dB beamwidth (freq) [θ = 90 °] 57.89 °

Radiation pattern (at the transmit centre frequency)

Radiation pattern (at the transmit centre frequency) Gain (Horizontal - normalised)

Radiation pattern (at the transmit centre frequency) Gain (Horizontal - normalised) Design 1 Peak gain @ angle (freq) [φ = 0 °] -3.094 dBi @ θ = -12 ° (1.654 GHz) Main 3dB beamwidth (freq) [φ = 0 °] 52.69 ° Peak gain @ angle (freq) [φ = 90 °] -6.752 dBi @ θ = -46 ° (1.654 GHz) Main 3dB beamwidth (freq) [φ = 90 °] 27.46 ° Peak gain @ angle (freq) [θ = 90 °] -7.251 dBi @ φ = 60 ° (1.654 GHz) Main 3dB beamwidth (freq) [θ = 90 °] 41.58 °

Radiation pattern (at the transmit centre frequency)

Radiation pattern (at the transmit centre frequency) Gain (Vertical - normalised)

Radiation pattern (at the transmit centre frequency) Gain (Vertical - normalised) Design 1 Peak gain @ angle (freq) [φ = 0 °] -6.043 dBi @ θ = 44 ° (1.654 GHz) Main 3dB beamwidth (freq) [φ = 0 °] 28.29 ° Peak gain @ angle (freq) [φ = 90 °] 8.745 dBi @ θ = 56 ° (1.654 GHz) Main 3dB beamwidth (freq) [φ = 90 °] 40.75 ° Peak gain @ angle (freq) [θ = 90 °] 3.576 dBi @ φ = 96 ° (1.654 GHz) Main 3dB beamwidth (freq) [θ = 90 °] 59.66 °

Radiation pattern (at the transmit centre frequency)

Radiation pattern (at the transmit centre frequency) Axial Ratio (Handed)

Radiation pattern (at the transmit centre frequency) Axial Ratio (Handed) Design 1 Maximum axial ratio @ angle [φ=0 °] 731.1e-3 @ θ=-150 ° Minimum axial ratio @ angle [φ=0 °] -898.6e-3 @ θ=178 ° Maximum axial ratio @ angle [φ=90 °] 818.5e-3 @ θ=-46 ° Minimum axial ratio @ angle [φ=90 °] -682.5e-3 @ θ=26 ° Maximum axial ratio @ angle [θ=90 °] 616.7e-3 @ φ=192 ° Minimum axial ratio @ angle [θ=90 °] -672.1e-3 @ φ=176 °

Radiation pattern (at the transmit centre frequency)

Radiation pattern (at the transmit centre frequency) Axial Ratio (IEEE)

Radiation pattern (at the transmit centre frequency) Axial Ratio (IEEE) Design 1 Maximum axial ratio @ angle [φ=0 °] 66.63 dB @ θ=108 ° Minimum axial ratio @ angle [φ=0 °] 928.3e-3 dB @ θ=178 ° Maximum axial ratio @ angle [φ=90 °] 57.28 dB @ θ=-96 ° Minimum axial ratio @ angle [φ=90 °] 1.740 dB @ θ=-46 ° Maximum axial ratio @ angle [θ=90 °] 80 dB @ φ=136 ° Minimum axial ratio @ angle [θ=90 °] 3.452 dB @ φ=176 °

Radiation pattern (at the transmit centre frequency)

Radiation pattern (at the transmit centre frequency) Ludwig III (Co)

Radiation pattern (at the transmit centre frequency) Ludwig III (Co) Design 1 Peak gain @ angle (freq) [φ = 0 °] -3.000 dBi @ θ = -12 ° (1.654 GHz) Main 3dB beamwidth (freq) [φ = 0 °] 48.28 ° Peak gain @ angle (freq) [φ = 90 °] 7.343 dBi @ θ = 62 ° (1.654 GHz) Main 3dB beamwidth (freq) [φ = 90 °] 40.66 ° Peak gain @ angle (freq) [θ = 90 °] 3.576 dBi @ φ = 96 ° (1.654 GHz) Main 3dB beamwidth (freq) [θ = 90 °] 59.66 °

Radiation pattern (at the transmit centre frequency)

Radiation pattern (at the transmit centre frequency) Ludwig III (Cross)

Radiation pattern (at the transmit centre frequency) Ludwig III (Cross) Design 1 Peak gain @ angle (freq) [φ = 0 °] -5.547 dBi @ θ = 36 ° (1.654 GHz) Main 3dB beamwidth (freq) [φ = 0 °] 26.75 ° Peak gain @ angle (freq) [φ = 90 °] 5.075 dBi @ θ = 46 ° (1.654 GHz) Main 3dB beamwidth (freq) [φ = 90 °] 29.24 ° Peak gain @ angle (freq) [θ = 90 °] -7.251 dBi @ φ = 60 ° (1.654 GHz) Main 3dB beamwidth (freq) [θ = 90 °] 41.58 °