Mastering NT Greek 16. Aorist and Future Passive Verbs: qh / qhs additives By Ted Hildebrandt © 2003 Baker Academic

2-1-2 Paradigms - Chant this λόγος γραφή ἱ ερόν λόγου γραφ ῆ ς ἱ ερο ῦ λόγ ῳ γραφ ῇ ἱ ερ ῷ λόγον γραφήν ἱ ερόν λόγοι γραφαί ἱ ερά λόγων γραφ ῶ ν ἱ ερ ῶ ν λόγοις γραφα ῖ ς ἱ ερο ῖ ς λόγους γραφάς ἱ ερά

3 rd Declension Chantables χαρίς ὄ νομα, πίστις χαρίς ὄ νομα, πίστις χάρις ὄ νομα πίστις χάριτος ὀ νόματος πίστεως χάριτι ὀ νόματι πίστει χάριτα ὄ νομα πίστιν χάριτες ὀ νόματα πίστεις χαρίτων ὀ νομάτων πίστεων χάρισι(ν) ὀ νόμασι(ν) πίστεσι(ν) χάριτας ὀ νόματα πίστεις

PAI Verb Chant λύωλύομεν λύειςλύετε λύειλύουσι(ν)

The "is" verb PAI -- ε ἰ μί ε ἰ μί ἐ σμέν ε ἶ ἐ στέ ἐ στί(ν) ε ἰ σί(ν)

Imperfect ε ἰ μί ἤ μην ἦ μεν ἦ ς ἦ τε ἦ ν ἦ σαν

Person Personal Pronoun Chant Person Personal Pronoun Chant Singular Plural Singular Plural Nom. ἐ γώ σύ ἡ με ῖ ς Gen. μου σου ἡ μ ῶ ν Dat. μοι σοι ἡ μ ῖ ν Acc. με σε ἡ μάς α ὐ τός, α ὐ τη, α ὐ τό (he, she, it)

Present Middle/Passive Indicative λύομαι, -ομεθα - ῃ, -εσθε -εται, -ονται λύομαι, -ομεθα - ῃ, -εσθε -εται, -ονται I am loosed/am being loosed I loose myself/am loosing [for myself]

Shape of the Future in Greek λύσω λύσομεν I will loose We will loose λύσεις λύσετε You will loose You all will loose λύσει λύσουσι(ν) S/he/it will loose They will loose Chant this one

Future Middle Paradigm λύσομαι -όμεθα - ῃ -εσθε -εται -ονται I will loose (for myself) We will loose (for ourselves) … I will loose (for myself) We will loose (for ourselves) …

Demonstrative and Relative Pronouns Summary ἐ κε ῖ νος, ἐ κείνη, ἐ κε ῖ νο = that ο ὗ τος, α ὕ τη, το ῦ το τούτου, ταύτης, τούτου = this ο ὗ τος, α ὕ τη, το ῦ το τούτου, ταύτης, τούτου = this ὅ ς ἥ ὅ = Relative (who, which) ο ὗ ἧ ς ο ὗ ὅ ς ἥ ὅ = Relative (who, which) ο ὗ ἧ ς ο ὗ

Imperfect Active Paradigm of λύω Chant : ἐ λυον, ν, ς, ε, μεν, τε, ν I was loosing, …

Imperfect Middle/Passive (IM/PI) Chant: ἐ λυόμην ου, ετο, ομεθα, εσθε, οντο I was being loosed

Second Aorist Active Chant ἔ λαβον ν, σ, ε, μεν, τε, ν

Second Aorist Middle Chant ἐ γενόμην -ου, -ετο, -ομεθα, -εσθε, -οντο

Aorist Stem Changes -- 8 to know ἔ ρχομαι == ἦ λθον (I came, went) βλέπω == ε ἶ δον (I saw) λέγω == ε ἶ πον (I said) γίνομαι == ἐ γενόμην (I became) γινώσκω == ἔ γνων (I knew) ἔ χω == ἔ σχον ( I had) λαμβάνω == ἔ λαβον (I took) ε ὑ ρίσκω == ε ὗ ρον (I found)

1st Aorist Active Paradigm Learn: ἔ λυσα: I loosed… --, ς, ε, μεν, τε, ν

1st Aorist Middle Paradigm Learn: ἐ λυσάμην: I loosed for myself -ω, -ατο, -αμεθα, -ασθε, -αντο

Rapping the Lord’s Prayer Πάτερ ἡ μ ῶ ν ὁ ἐ ν το ῖ ς ο ὐ ρανο ῖ ς father our the one in heaven ἁ γιασθήτω τ ὸ ὄ νομά σου make holy name your ἁ γιασθήτω τ ὸ ὄ νομά σου make holy name your ἐ λθέτω ἡ βασιλεία σου let come kingdom your ἐ λθέτω ἡ βασιλεία σου let come kingdom your γενηθήτω τ ὸ θέλημά σου, let be will your γενηθήτω τ ὸ θέλημά σου, let be will your

Rapping the Lord’s Prayer ὡ ς ἐ ν ο ὐ ραν ῷ κα ὶ ἐ π ὶ γ ῆ ς· as in heaven also on earth ὡ ς ἐ ν ο ὐ ραν ῷ κα ὶ ἐ π ὶ γ ῆ ς· as in heaven also on earth τ ὸ ν ἄ ρτον ἥ μ ῶ ν τ ὸ ν the bread our τ ὸ ν ἄ ρτον ἥ μ ῶ ν τ ὸ ν the bread our ἐ πιούσιον δ ὸ ς ἡ μ ῖ ν σήμερον· daily give us today ἐ πιούσιον δ ὸ ς ἡ μ ῖ ν σήμερον· daily give us today

Introduction to the Aorist/Future Passives We have covered Aorist and Future Actives and Middles Passives use a θη insert (Aorist) and θης (Future) Aorist Translation: I was loosed Future Translation: I will be loosed

Introducing the Principle Parts What are the 6 principle parts (Appendix 4) Present: βάλλω Future: βαλ ῶ Aorist: ἔ βαλον Perfect: βέβληκα Perf Mid/Pass.: βέβλημαι Aorist Pass.: ἐ βλήθην

Aorist and Future Passive The key element is the θη before the secondary active endings are added: ἐ + λυ + θη + ν = ἐ λυθην ἐ + λυ + θη + ν = ἐ λυθην Aug. + stem + Pass. insert + Secondary Ending I was loosed The future passives add θησ before the M/P primary endings and no augment. λυ + θησ +ομαι = λυθήσομαι I will be loosed

Aorist Passive Aorist Passive Singular Plural 1. ἐ λύθην ἐ λύθημεν I was loosed We were loosed 2. ἐ λ ὐ θης ἐ λύθητε You were loosed You were loosed 3. ἐ λύθη ἐ λύθησαν He/she/it was loosed They were loosed Chant: ἐ λύθην – ν, ς, --, μεν, τε, σαν ν, ς, --, μεν, τε, σαν

Future Passive Singular Plural 1. λυθήσομαι λυθησόμεθα I will be loosed We will be loosed 2. λυθήσ ῃ λυθήσεσθε You will be loosed You will be loosed 3. λυθήσεται λυθήσονται He/she/it will be loosed They will be loosed Chant: λυθήσομαι -- ῃ, εται, ομεθα, εσθε, ονται -- ῃ, εται, ομεθα, εσθε, ονται

Phonetic Shifts Velars: κ or γ becomes χ διωκ + θη = ἐ διόχθην (I was pursued) Labials: π or β becomes φ λείπ + θη = ἐ λείφθην (I was left) φ causes the θ to drop out γραφ + θη = ἐ γράφην (I was written)

Phonetic Shifts Dentals: τ, δ, or θ becomes σ πειθ + θη = ἐ πείσθην (I was persuaded) πειθ + θη = ἐ πείσθην (I was persuaded) Sibilants: ζ, ξ, or ψ becomes σ δοξαζ + θη = ἐ δοξάσθην (I was glorified) δοξαζ + θη = ἐ δοξάσθην (I was glorified)

Phonetic Shift Table Palatals: κ, γ + θ = χθ Labials: π, β + θ = φθ Dentals: τ, δ, θ + θ = σθ Sibilants: ζ, ξ, ψ+ θ = σθ

Second Aorist Passive Stems ἀ ποστέλλω ἀ πεστάλην βάλλω ἐ βλήθην βληθήσομαι γίνομαι ἐ γενήθην γινώσκω ἐ γνώσθην γνωσθήσομαι διδάσκω ἐ διδάχθην δύναμαι ἠ δυνήθην ἐ γείρω ἠ γέρθην ἐ γερθήσομαι ε ὑ ρίσκω ε ὑ ρέθην ε ὑ ρεθήσομαι

Second Aorist Passive Stems θέλω ἠ θελήθην κρίνω ἐ κρίθην κριθήσομαι λαμβάνω ἐ λήμφθην λέγω ἐ ρρέθην ὁ ράω ὤ φθην ὀ φθήσομαι πιστεύω ἐ πιστεύθην πορεύομαι ἐ πορεύθην σ ῴ ζω ἐ σώθην σωθήσομαι

Vocabulary Ch. 16 α ἰ ών, - ῶ νος, ὁ – age, eternity

Vocabulary Ch. 16 ἀ λλήλων – one another

Vocabulary Ch. 16 ἀ ρχιερεύς, -έως, ὁ – high priest

Vocabulary Ch. 16 γυνή, -αικός, ἡ γυνή, -αικός, ἡ – woman

Vocabulary Ch. 16 δύναμαι δύναμαι – I can, am able

Vocabulary Ch. 16 ἔ θνος, -ους, τό ἔ θνος, -ους, τό – nation

Vocabulary Ch. 16 ὅ σος, -η, -ον ὅ σος, -η, -ον – as great as

Vocabulary Ch. 16 πόλις, -εως, ἡ πόλις, -εως, ἡ – city

Vocabulary Ch. 16 τε τε – and, and so

Vocabulary Ch. 16 χείρ, χειρός, ἡ χείρ, χειρός, ἡ – hand

Quick Vocabulary Review

Ch Vocabulary angel, messenger ἄ γγελος, -ου, ὁ verily, truly ἀ μήν man, humankind ἄ νθρωπος, -ου, ὁ I ἐ γώ ἐ γώGod θεός, -ο ῦ, ὁ

Ch Vocabulary and, also, even καίheart καρδία, -ας, ἡ I say I sayλέγωprophet προφήτης, -ου, ὁ Christ, Messiah Χριστός, -ο ῦ, ὁ

Ch Vocabulary brother – ἀ δελφός, -ο ῦ, ὁ I hear, obey – ἀ κούω glory, fame –δόξα, -ης, ἡ I have – ἔ χω world –κόσμος, -ου, ὁ

Ch Vocabulary Lord, sir –κύριος, -ου, ὁ word –λόγος, -ου, ὁ Peter –Π ἑ τρος, -ου, ὁ son –υ ἱ ός, -ο ῦ, ὁ Pharisee –Φαρισα ῖ ος, -ου, ὁ

Ch Vocabulary but, yet – ἀ λλ ἀ apostle, sent one – ἀ πόστολος, -ου, ὁ I see –βλέπω for, then –γάρ I know – γινώσκω

Ch Vocabulary Jesus – Ἰ ησο ῦ ς, -ο ῦ, ὁ I take, receive –λαμβάνω I loose –λύω heaven –ο ὐ ρανός, -ο ῦ, ὁ I believe –πιστεύω

Ch Vocabulary I love ἀ γαπάω I write γράφω but, and δέ servant, slave δο ῦ λος, -ου, ὁ I find ε ὑ ρίσκω

Ch Vocabulary temple ἱ ερόν, -ο ῦ, τό ἱ ερόν, -ο ῦ, τόPeople λαός, -ο ῦ, ὁ law law νόμος, -ου, ὁ house ο ἶ κος, -ου, ὁ as, about, how ὡςὡςὡςὡς

Ch Vocabulary love ἀ γάπη, -ης, ἡ truth ἀ λήθεια, -ας, ἡ sin ἁ μαρτία, -ας, ἡ kingdom βασιλεία, -ας, ἡ writing, Scripture γραφή, - ῆ ς, ἡ

Ch Vocabulary I raise up ἐ γείρω assembly, church ἐ κκλησία, -ας, ἡ work ἔ ργον, -ου, τό disciple μαθητής, -ο ῦ, ὁ Hour ὥ ρα, -ας, ἡ

Chapter 6 Vocabulary ἀ πό (Gen.) –from διά (Gen.) –through διά (Acc.) –on account of ε ἰ ς (Acc.) –into

Chapter 6 Vocabulary ἐ κ (Gen.) –out of, from ἐ ν (Dat.) –in ἐ πί (Gen.) –on, over ἐ πί (Dat.) –on, at, against, on the basis of

Chapter 6 Vocabulary ἐ πί (Acc.) –on, to, toward, against κατά (Gen.) –down, against κατά (Acc.) –according to μετά (Gen.) –with

Chapter 6 Vocabulary μετά (Acc.) –after, behind περί (Gen.) –about, concerning περί (Acc.) –around, near πρός (Acc.) –to

Vocabulary -- Ch. 7 good ἀ γαθός, -ή, -όν Holy ἅ γιος, -α, -ον righteous δίκαιοις, -α, -ον

Vocabulary – Ch. 7 I am ε ἰ μί Jewish, a Jew Ἰ ουδα ῖ ος, -α, -ον Great μέγας, μεγάλη, μέγα

Vocabulary -- Ch. 7 dead νεκρός, -ά, -όν no, not ο ὐ, ο ὐ κ, ο ὐ χ first πρ ῶ τος, -η, -ον voice φωνή, - ῆ ς, ἡ

he/she/it –α ὐ τός, -ή, -ό land, earth, region –γ ῆ, - ῆ ς, ἡ I, we – ἐ γώ, ἡ με ῖ ς day – ἡ μέρα, -ας, ἡ that, so that – ὅ τι Vocabulary Ch. 8

so, then, therefore –οὖν–οὖν–οὖν–οὖνcrowd – ὄ χλος, -ου, ὁ from –παρά (with Gen.) beside, with beside, with –παρά (with Dat.) alongside, beside –παρά (with Acc.) Vocabulary Ch. 8

you / you (pl) –σύ / ὑ με ῖ ς by, at the hands of – ὑ πό (with Gen.) under, below – ὑ πό (with Acc.) Vocabulary Ch. 8

I answer I answer – ἀ ποκρίνομαι I send – ἀ ποστέλλω I throw – βάλλω I become – γίνομαι I come in –ε ἰ σέρχομαι Vocabulary Ch. 9

I go out I go out – ἐ ξέρχομαι I come/go – ἔ ρχομαι I wish – θέλω thus, so – ο ὕ τως I go – πορεύομαι Vocabulary Ch. 9

life –ζωή, - ῆ ς, ἡ death death –θάνατος, -ου, ὁ I judge I judge –κρίνω I remain I remain –μένω only, alone only, alone –μόνος, -η, -ον Vocabulary Ch. 10

now –νῦν–νῦν–νῦν–νῦν and not, nor –ο ὐ δέ Paul –Πα ῦ λος I save –σ ῴ ζω then –τότε Vocabulary Ch. 10

Chapter 11 Vocabulary ἀ πέρχομαι – I go away, leave ἐ κε ῖ νος –that Ἰ ουδα ῖ ος, -α, -ον –Jewish καθώς –as, just as

Chapter 11 Vocabulary ὅ ς, ἥ, ὅ –who, which ὅ ταν –when πάλιν –again ο ὗ τος, α ὗ τη, το ῦ το –this

Chapter 11 Vocabulary Πέτρος, -ου, ὁ –Peter ὑ πέρ –for, about (gen.) –above, beyond (acc.)

Chapter 11 Vocabulary ὑ πέρ –for, about (gen.) –above, beyond (acc.)

Chapter 12 Vocabulary ἀ ποθν ῄ σκω –I die ἐ κε ῖ – there ἕ ως –until ἰ δού –behold

Chapter 12 Vocabulary ἵ να in order that, that in order that, that Ἰ ωάννης, -ου, ὁ –John μέν –on the one hand, indeed ὅ λος, -η, -ον –whole, entire

Chapter 12 Vocabulary ὅ τε –when σύν –with

Chapter 13 Vocabulary ἀ νήρ, ἀ νδρός, ὁ man, husband βασιλεύς, - ἐ ως, ὁ king δύναμις, -εως, ἡ power, miracle ὄ νομα, -ματος, τό name π ᾶ ς, π ᾶ σα, π ᾶ ν each, every, all

Chapter 13 Vocabulary πατήρ, πατρός, ὁ father πιστις, πίστεως, ἡ faith, belief πνε ῦ μα, -ατος, τό spirit, wind σάρξ, σαρκός, ἡ flesh, body χάρις, -ιτος, ἡ grace, kindness

Chapter 14 Vocabulary α ἷ μα, -ματος, τό –blood α ἴ ρω –I raise, take up διδάσκω –I teach ἴ διος, -α, -ον –one's own καλός, -ή, -όν –good

Chapter 14 Vocabulary μέλλω –I am about to, intend ὁ δός, -ο ῦ, ἡ –way πολύς, πολλή, πολύ –much, many σ ῶ μα, -ματος, τό –body ψυχή, - ῆ ς, ἡ –soul, life

Chapter 15 Vocabulary Chapter 15 Vocabulary ἄ λλος, -η, -ο other ἄ ρτος, -ου, ὁ bread δε ῖ it is necessary ἐ ξουσία, -ας, ἡ authority ἕ τερος, -α, -ον different

Chapter 15 Vocabulary ἔ τι yet, still ὀ φθαλμός, -ο ῦ, ὁ eye τέκνον, -ου, τό child τόπος, -ου, ὁ place φ ῶ ς, φωτός, τό light