Ancient Greek for Everyone: A New Digital Resource for Beginning Greek Unit 7 part 3: consonant verb stems 2013 edition Wilfred E. Major

Ancient Greek for Everyone This class AGE Unit 7 part 3: consonant verb stems This part of Unit 7 introduces more - ω verbs, grouped according to their stems, so it is easier to learn and remember their forms in the future tense.

Ancient Greek for Everyone Review from Unit 1: The Trouble with Sigma Greek is strange when it comes to pronouncing and writing words with the “s” sound: The combinations πσ, βσ & φσ never appear. Instead, ψ replaces them. τ, δ and θ disappear before a σ. The combinations κσ, γσ or χσ never appear. Instead, ξ replaces them.

Ancient Greek for Everyone Review from Unit 1: CONSONANTS LabialDentalPalatal π p τ t κ k= unvoiced β b δ d γ g= voiced φ ph θ th χ kh= aspirated ψ ps σ s ξ ks= + σ

Ancient Greek for Everyone VOCABULARY Because Greek verbs add a – σ to form the future tense, the forms of the future often feature consonant combinations with embedded sigmas. These combinations affect only the pronunciation, not the meaning of the verb, but they do yield distinctive spellings. This section introduces new verbs grouped by the type of consonant that ends the stem, so that the forms of the future all look similar, in order to help memorizing and recalling this vocabulary.

Ancient Greek for Everyone VOCABULARY Α verb with a stem ending in a labial (- β, - π, - φ ) will normally display a ψ in the future tense ( β, π, φ + σ  ψ ).

Ancient Greek for Everyone Unit 7 part 3 Vocabulary: Classical γράφω - ψω write, draw λείπω - ψω leave πέμπω - ψω send τρέπω - ψω turn τρέφω, θρέψω nourish

Ancient Greek for Everyone Unit 7 part 3 Vocabulary: NT (New Testament) ἅπτω, ἅψω touch βλέπω - ψω see, look γράφω - ψω write, draw ἐπιστρέφω - ψω turn to, return πέμπω - ψω send ὑποστρέφω - ψω turn back, return

Ancient Greek for Everyone VOCABULARY Α verb with a stem ending in a dental (- δ, - ζ, - θ ) will normally display a σ in the future tense ( δ, ζ, θ + σ  σ ).

Ancient Greek for Everyone Unit 7 part 3 Vocabulary: Classical θαυμάζω - σω be amazed κατασκευάζω - σω equip, supply λανθάνω, λήσω escape notice of ὀνομάζω - σω call by name πείθω - σω persuade σῴζω, σώσω save φράζω - σω tell

Ancient Greek for Everyone Unit 7 part 3 Vocabulary: NT (New Testament) βαπτίζω - σω baptize δοξάζω - σω glorify ἐτοιμάζω - σω prepare θαυμάζω - σω be amazed καθίζω - σω sit πείθω - σω persuade πειράζω - σω try, attempt σῴζω, σώσω save

Ancient Greek for Everyone VOCABULARY Α verb with a stem ending in a palatal (- γ, - κ, - χ ) will normally display a ξ in the future tense ( γ, κ, χ + σ  ξ ). Verbs with stems ending in - ττ /- σσ function the same way. Classical Attic used - ττ - but most other dialects, along with Koine and later Greek, use - σσ -, but other than spelling and a slight difference in pronunciation, the words are the same with either spelling.

Ancient Greek for Everyone Unit 7 part 3 Vocabulary: Classical ἄγω, ἄξω lead, bring, pass (time) ἁπαλλάττω - ξω release, deliver ἄρχω - ξω begin, lead, rule (+ gen.) – ὑπάρχω exist, be, belong to δείκνυμι, δείξω show διδάσκω, διδάξω teach διώκω - ξω pursue δοκέω, δόξω seem

Ancient Greek for Everyone Unit 7 part 3 Vocabulary: Classical λέγω - ξω say, tell μίγνυμι, μίξω mix πράττω - ξω do τάττω - ξω arrange φυλάττω - ξω watch, guard, defend

Ancient Greek for Everyone Unit 7 part 3 Vocabulary: NT (New Testament) ἄγω, ἄξω lead, bring, pass (time) – συνάγω gather together, assemble – ὑπάγω go away, depart ἀνοίγω - ξω open ἄρχω - ξω begin, lead, rule (+ gen.) ὑπάρχω exist, be, belong to διδάσκω, διδάξω teach διώκω - ξω pursue δοκέω, δόξω seem

Ancient Greek for Everyone Unit 7 part 3 Vocabulary: NT (New Testament) κηρύσσω - ύξω proclaim κράζω, κράξω shout λέγω - ξω say, tell Biblical Greek uses ἐρῶ (see Unit 7.4) as the future of λέγω. πράσσω - ξω do ὑποτάσσω - ξω subordinate, subject φυλάσσω - ξω watch, guard, defend

Ancient Greek for Everyone Unit 7 part 3 Vocabulary: Core ἄγω, ἄξω lead, bring, pass (time) ἄρχω - ξω begin, lead, rule (+ gen.) – ὑπάρχω exist, be, belong to βλέπω - ψω see, look γράφω - ψω write, draw διδάσκω, διδάξω teach διώκω - ξω pursue δοκέω, δόξω seem

Ancient Greek for Everyone Unit 7 part 3 Vocabulary: Core θαυμάζω - σω be amazed λέγω - ξω say, tell πείθω - σω persuade πέμπω - ψω send πράττω - ξω do = πράσσω σῴζω, σώσω save φυλάττω - ξω watch, guard, defend = φυλάσσω