Homeric Epic GRK 101 Rhapsōidos
Oral Greek Χαίρετε, ὦ μαθητρίδες τε καὶ μαθηταί Πῶς ἔχετε; κτλ (= et cetera, “and the rest,” “and so on”) Πῶς ἔχετε; Τί ἐστι τὸ ὄνομά σου; Τίς ἐστι ἐκεῖνος (that masculine person/thing) / ἐκείνη (that feminine person/thing); Τί ἐστιν ἐκεῖνο (that neut/whatever person/thing);
3rd-Decl. Endings sing. plur. masc./fem. neut. nom. –––––––––––– -ες sing. plur. masc./fem. neut. nom. –––––––––––– -ες -α gen. -ος -ων dat. -ι -σι(ν) (-εσι, -ξι, -ψι) acc. -α, -ν (same as nom.) -ας voc. varies!
Oral Quiz Paradigms sing. plur. nom. ὁ/ἡ κύων οἱ/αἱ κύν- ες gen. sing. plur. nom. ὁ/ἡ κύων οἱ/αἱ κύν- ες gen. τοῦ/τῆς κυν‑ ός τῶν κυν- ῶν dat. τῷ/τῇ κυν- ί τοῖς/ταῖς κυσί(ν) acc. τὸν/τὴν κύν- α τοὺς/τὰς κύν- ας voc. ὦ κύον ὦ κύνες
Oral Quiz Paradigms sing. plur. nom. τὸ πρόβλημα τὰ προβλήματ- α gen. sing. plur. nom. τὸ πρόβλημα τὰ προβλήματ- α gen. τοῦ προβλήματ- ος τῶν προβλημάτ- ων dat. τῷ προβλήματ- ι τοῖς προβλήμα- σι(ν) acc. τὰ προβλήματ- α voc. ὦ πρόβλημα ὦ προβλήματ- α
Ch6 Grammar con’t
Quiz Quote Ἄνδρα μοι ἔννεπε, Μοῦσα, πολύτροπον, ὃς μάλα πολλὰ πλάγχθη, ἐπεὶ Τροίης ἱερὸν πτολίεθρον ἔπερσε
Ch 7 Civilization What Does Homer (Try to) Do?
Discussion… Entertainment Moral instruction Action adventure Mass entertainment (?) Blockbuster entertainment (?) Moral instruction Including tragic element Remembrance/(believed) history esp. Iliad (why not Odyssey?) Oral component “These stories were originally passed down through oral tradition” “Because the Iliad and the Odyssey were originally oral poetry”
Epic; Oral versus Literary “Epic” is… “Oral” poetry is… “Literary” poetry is… “Epic” is… large scale LOTRs “Oral” poetry is… not written but spoken “Literary” poetry is… written
Early Epic Aoidos, prehistoric (??-pre-900 BCE) Rhapsōidos, early archaic (ca. 900?-ca. 675?) Aoidos, prehistoric (??-pre-900 BCE) “singer” oral improviser-memorizer Rhapsōidos, early archaic (ca. 900?-ca. 675?) “song-stitcher” reciter (not singer)
Homeric Formulae Building-blocks of oral composition. E.g.,… πόδας ὠκὺς Ἀχιλλεύς “Swift-footed Achilles” (line ending 30 times) ἦμος δ᾽ ἠριγένεια φάνη ῥοδοδάκτυλος Ἠώς “And when early-born, rosy-fingered dawn had come, …” (whole line 22 times) αὐτὰρ ἐπεὶ πόσιος καὶ ἐδητύος ἐξ ἔρον ἕντο, “When they had put away desire for food, …” (whole line 22 times)
Odyssey, Opening Ἄνδρα μοι ἔννεπε, Μοῦσα, πολύτροπον, ὃς μάλα πολλὰ πλάγχθη, ἐπεὶ Τροίης ἱερὸν πτολίεθρον ἔπερσε· πολλῶν δ᾽ ἀνθρώπων ἴδεν ἄστεα καὶ νόον ἔγνω, πολλὰ δ᾽ ὅ γ᾽ ἐν πόντῳ πάθεν ἄλγεα ὃν κατὰ θυμόν, ἀρνύμενος ἥν τε ψυχὴν καὶ νόστον ἑταίρων.
3rd-Decl. Endings sing. plur. masc./fem. neut. nom. –––––––––––– -ες sing. plur. masc./fem. neut. nom. –––––––––––– -ες -α gen. -ος -ων dat. -ι -σι(ν) (-εσι, -ξι, -ψι) acc. -α, -ν (same as nom.) -ας voc. varies!
Ch7 Beta Grammar More 3rd declension 3rd declension adjective σώφρων ὁ χειμών, τοῦ χειμόνος (gender? stem? forms?) 3rd declension adjective σώφρων nom. sing. σώφρων σῶφρον gen. sing. σώφρονος σώφρονος Stem? Forms? Interrogative/indefinite pronoun/adjective nom. sing. τίς τί gen. sing. τίνος τίνος Accent? Position? Meaning?
Τίς; versus τις SINGULAR PLURAL masc/fem neut masc/fe m nom τίς; τί; PLURAL masc/fem neut masc/fe m nom τίς; τί; τίνες; τίνα; gen τίνος; τίνων; dat τίνι; τίσι(ν); acc τίνας; SINGULAR PLURAL masc/fem neut masc/fe m nom τις τι τινες τινα gen τινος τινων dat τινι τισι(ν) acc τινας