Ancient Greek for Everyone: A New Digital Resource for Beginning Greek Units 3 part 3: Neuter Nouns Biblical Reading 2015 edition Wilfred E. Major

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1 Ancient Greek for Everyone: A New Digital Resource for Beginning Greek Units 3 part 3: Neuter Nouns Biblical Reading 2015 edition Wilfred E. Major wmajor@lsu.edu

2 Ancient Greek for Everyone Unit 3 Biblical reading – Be able to: read the sentences aloud parse each verb and noun (with article where it appears) translate the sentences into English.

3 Ancient Greek for Everyone All the sentences here come from ancient Greek writings related to the Bible, related Jewish history and early Christianity. The passages are unchanged, except where … indicates a short omission. To provide context for the quotation, there are brief introductions for the writings and stories. At the bottom of each slide are vocabulary entries and notes. These supply vocabulary and information for any words that have not yet appeared in the required vocabulary.

4 Ancient Greek for Everyone The Hebrew Bible was translated into koine Greek in the second century B.C., and this version of the Old Testament, called the Septuagint (abbreviated LXX), was the one known to early Christians. The Septuagint derives its name from the Latin versio septuaginta interpretum, "translation of the seventy interpreters," (Greek: ἡ μετάφρασις τῶν ἑβδομήκοντα, "translation of the seventy." The Roman numeral LXX (seventy) is commonly used as an abbreviation. The following readings are quoted from the Septuagint.

5 Ancient Greek for Everyone Jacob wrestles with a man through the night until dawn. His opponent asks to be let go, but Jacob refuses until the mysterious wrestler blesses him. The wrestler asks: Τί τὸ ὄνομά σού ἐστιν; LXX Gen. 32:28 When Jacob gives his name ( Ἰακώβ ) the wrestler says that he has held on to God ( Θεός ) and renames him Israel ( Ἰσραήλ ). τί what? σου your

6 Ancient Greek for Everyone After the Exodus from Egypt, Moses prepares to (re)impose the Sabbath and says : Τοῦτο τὸ ῥῆμά ἐστιν. LXX Ex. 16:23 τοῦτο (nom/acc sg) τό this ῥῆμα -ατος τό speech

7 Ancient Greek for Everyone A common formula of rules in Leviticus: βδέλυγμά ἐστιν βδελύγματά ἐστιν ὑμῖν. LXX Lev. 11 βδέλυγμα -ατος τό abomination, something sickening ὑμῖν (dat pl) y’all

8 Ancient Greek for Everyone The introduction to the catalog of David’s army: ταῦτα τὰ ὀνόματα τῶν ἀρχόντων τῆς στρατιᾶς LXX 1 Chron. 12:23 ταῦτα (nom/acc pl) τό these στρατιᾶς (gen sg) ἡ army

9 Ancient Greek for Everyone Job laments his suffering: τὰ ῥήματά μού ἐστιν φαῦλα LXX Job 6:4 ῥῆμα-ατος τό speech φαῦλα (nom/acc pl) τό trivial, worthless μου my

10 Ancient Greek for Everyone An admonition from Proverbs: πρόσεχε ῥήμασιν στόματός μου LXX Pr 7:24 ῥῆμα -ατος τό speech πρόσεχε pay attention! μου my

11 Ancient Greek for Everyone The prophet Isaiah quotes God: ἐγὼ κύριος ὁ θεός, τοῦτό μού ἐστιν τὸ ὄνομα LXX Is. 42:8 μου my τοῦτο (nom/acc sg) τό this ἐγώ (nom sg) I θεός (nom sg) ὁ god κύριος (nom sg) ὁ lord

12 Ancient Greek for Everyone The prophet Hosea is listing the crimes of Israel: αἵματα ἐφ’ αἵμασιν μίσγουσιν. LXX Is. 42:8 μίσγουσιν = μιγνύασιν ἐφ΄ = ἐπί on, to

13 Ancient Greek for Everyone In 142 BC, the Maccabean leader Simon and the Seleucid king Demetrius II Nicator came to terms. This comes from Demetrius’ letter to Simon: ἀφίεμεν δὲ ἀγνοήματα καὶ τὰ ἁμαρτήματα LXX 1 Maccabees 13:39 δέ and καί and ἀγνόημα -ατος τό error from ignorance ἁρμάρτημα -ατος τό error, mistake

14 Ancient Greek for Everyone The following readings are quoted from the New Testament.

15 Ancient Greek for Everyone From the Last Supper: τοῦτό ἐστιν τὸ σῶμά μου.... Τοῦτό ἐστιν τὸ αἷμά μου Κατὰ Μαθθαῖον 26:26, 28 Κατὰ Μᾶρκον 14:22, 24 Κατὰ Λουκᾶν 22:19 μου my τοῦτο (nom sg) τό this

16 Ancient Greek for Everyone from Jesus’ final speech: Εἰρήνην ἀφίημι ὑμῖν, εἰρήνην τὴν ἐμὴν δίδωμι ὑμῖν· οὐ καθὼς ὁ κόσμος δίδωσιν ἐγὼ δίδωμι ὑμῖν. Κατὰ Ἰωάννην 14:27 ἐγώ (nom sg) I εἰρήνην (acc sg) ἡ peace ἐμὴν (acc sg) ἡ my καθώς as κόσμος (nom sg) ὁ world ὑμῖν (dat pl) y’all

17 Ancient Greek for Everyone From the Clementine Homilies: Peter mentions honors often given to those killed by lightning: τῶν τεθνεώτων ἰδίων μορφῶν ἱστᾶσιν ἀγάλματα. Homily 9 5.4 ἄγαλμα -ατος τό statue ἰδίων (gen pl) their μορφῶν (gen pl) ἡ shapes τεθνεώς –ότος ὁ dead