ΗΥ-220 - Παπαευσταθίου Γιάννης1 Clock generation.

Παρουσίαση με θέμα: "ΗΥ-220 - Παπαευσταθίου Γιάννης1 Clock generation."— Μεταγράφημα παρουσίασης:

1 ΗΥ-220 - Παπαευσταθίου Γιάννης1 Clock generation

2 ΗΥ-220 - Παπαευσταθίου Γιάννης2 Clock generation (2)

3 ΗΥ-220 - Παπαευσταθίου Γιάννης3 Clock distribution

4 ΗΥ-220 - Παπαευσταθίου Γιάννης4 Timing of devices

5 ΗΥ-220 - Παπαευσταθίου Γιάννης5 Calculating the clock period

6 ΗΥ-220 - Παπαευσταθίου Γιάννης6 Make things faster (1)

7 ΗΥ-220 - Παπαευσταθίου Γιάννης7 Make things faster(2)

8 ΗΥ-220 - Παπαευσταθίου Γιάννης8 Be careful with parallelism !

9 ΗΥ-220 - Παπαευσταθίου Γιάννης9 Timing problems Easy solution :

10 ΗΥ-220 - Παπαευσταθίου Γιάννης10 Timing problems (2) More sophisticated solution :

11 ΗΥ-220 - Παπαευσταθίου Γιάννης11 Correct timing depends on capacity

12 ΗΥ-220 - Παπαευσταθίου Γιάννης12 Asynchronous Inputs

13 ΗΥ-220 - Παπαευσταθίου Γιάννης13 What is Synchronisation? The action of enforcing or determining an ordering of signal events. Sampling an asynchronous signal with a clock. Sampling a synchronous signal across a clock domain. SOLUTION : A synchroniser samples a signal outside the local clock domain and outputs a version of that signal that has transitions synchronised to the local clock.

14 ΗΥ-220 - Παπαευσταθίου Γιάννης14 But : Metastability What happens if the input changes at exactly the time when the active edge of the clock arrives ? Output may get into a “metastable”state (intermediate Voltage) and stay in it for an undetermined duration T So do NOT use the output for a time T or do something clever !

15 ΗΥ-220 - Παπαευσταθίου Γιάννης15 States of buffer/inverter

16 ΗΥ-220 - Παπαευσταθίου Γιάννης16 Metastability

17 ΗΥ-220 - Παπαευσταθίου Γιάννης17 When was the signal sampled? Since a signal changes asynchronously to the sampling Clock, a sampling point could have been a little after the signal changes, yielding either 0 or 1. As a result, it does NOT matter if after the metastable period, the signal with get to 0 or to 1. All that matter is to become a valid binary value, that all of its receivers interpret in the same way !

18 ΗΥ-220 - Παπαευσταθίου Γιάννης18 Asynchronous bus sampling Useless ! There is no way to tell if the sampled word is a valid one(old or new) or an invalid word made by a random Selection of bits from these two words. Only possible solution : Sample the input at at least twice the frequency the signal changes so you expect to see each word at least twice ! (this is not feasible in some cases either, since you may not know the frequency the signal changes !

19 ΗΥ-220 - Παπαευσταθίου Γιάννης19 Another approach for busses!