Συστάσεις.

Παρουσίαση με θέμα: "Συστάσεις."— Μεταγράφημα παρουσίασης:

1 Συστάσεις

2 Συστάσεις IAGG 2013 & PROT-AGE Study Group: European Union Geriatric Medicine Society (EUGMS)
Διατήρηση φυσικής λειτουργίας τουλάχιστον 1-1,2 g / kg σωματικού βάρους πρωτεΐνης ανά ημέρα Οξεία ή χρόνια νόσος ή τραυματισμός  έως 1,5 g / kg σωματικού βάρους πρωτείνη ανά ημέρα. Η πρωτεϊνική πηγή, η χρονική στιγμή λήψης και ο συνδιασμός αμινοξέων είναι ύψιστης σημασίας. Τα συμπληρώματα βιταμίνης D είναι επίσης αναγκαία, δεδομένου ότι είναι χρήσιμα για τη διατήρηση μυών, νευρομυϊκής λειτουργίας, και νευρολογικών αντανακλαστικών. International Association of Gerontology and Geriatrics Bauer J, et al. J Am Med Dir Assoc. 2013;14(8):542-59; Dhesi JK, et al. Age Ageing. 2004;33(6):589-95; Beck AM, et al. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2010;50(3): Bauer J, et al. J Am Med Dir Assoc Aug;14(8):

3 Άλλα Διατροφικά Συστατικά
Σίδηρος, Β12, Φυλικό οξύ Αναιμία στους ηλικιωμένους  30-46% των ασθενών (International Nutritional Anemia Consultative Group (INACG) Διατροφή, απώλεια αίματος, μυελοπλαστικά σύνδρομα, μειωμένη απορόφηση, γαστρεντερική παθολογία, Pang WW et al. Curr Opin Hematol. 2012;19(3): International Nutritional Anemia Consultative Group (INACG): Anemia of the elderly is confirmed and found to account for 30-46% of patients. In North America and Western Europe, iron deficiency is more often caused by blood loss. Myelodysplastic syndromes are an important cause of anemia in the elderly, with a prevalence of at least 4%. Pang WW, et al. Curr Opin Hematol. 2012;19(3): Diets excessive in Fe or Cu, together with a high intake of SFA, should be avoided in the elderly who are not at risk of anaemia. Loef M, et al. Br J Nutr. 2012;107(1):7-19. International Nutritional Anemia Consultative Group (INACG) Guidelines for the Use of Iron Supplements to Prevent and Treat Iron Deficiency Anemia Despite comprehensive hematologic evaluation, the puzzling entity of unexplained anemia of the elderly is confirmed and found to account for 30-46% of patients. NHANES III classified iron-deficiency anemia with other nutritional anemias, a classification that might be correct in the developing third world, but in North America and Western Europe, iron deficiency is more often caused by blood loss and the cause must be sought and dealt with. The myelodysplastic syndromes are an important cause of anemia in the elderly, with a prevalence of at least 4%. Pang WW, Schrier SL. Anemia in the elderly. Curr Opin Hematol May;19(3): Br J Nutr Jan;107(1):7-19. doi: /S X. Epub 2011 Jul 18. Copper and iron in Alzheimer's disease: a systematic review and its dietary implications. Loef M, Walach H. Source European University Viadrina, Institute of Transcultural Health Studies, Große Scharrnstraße 59, Frankfurt (Oder), Germany. Abstract Fe and Cu could represent dietary risk factors for Alzheimer's disease (AD), which has become a global health concern. To establish the relationship between diets high in Cu and Fe and cognitive decline or AD, we have conducted a systematic review of the literature (up to January 2011). We identified two meta-analyses, two systematic reviews, eleven placebo-controlled trials, five observational studies, forty-five case-control studies, thirty autopsy and five uncontrolled studies, and one case report. There were eleven interventional trials that tried to either supplement or deplete Fe and Cu, but none of them provided clear evidence of a beneficial effect on cognitive performance in patients with AD. The prospective studies revealed an association between a diet simultaneously high in SFA and Cu and cognitive decline. Case-control and autopsy studies showed elevated Fe levels in the brains of AD patients, whereas the evidence was less consistent for Cu. In most of the studies, Cu concentrations were unchanged in the cerebrospinal fluid and the brain but increased in the serum. In conclusion, the existing data suggest that diets excessive in Fe or Cu, together with a high intake of SFA, should be avoided in the elderly who are not at risk of anaemia. Basic studies and, building on this, clinical investigations are needed to further elucidate in which dietary patterns and in which patient groups an Fe- and Cu-rich diet might foster the risk of developing AD. PMID: [PubMed – indexe Nutrients Jul 1;5(7): doi: /nu Iron: protector or risk factor for cardiovascular disease? Still controversial. Muñoz-Bravo C, Gutiérrez-Bedmar M, Gómez-Aracena J, García-Rodríguez A, Navajas JF. Iron is the second most abundant metal in the Earth's crust. Despite being present in trace amounts, it is an essential trace element for the human body, although it can also be toxic due to oxidative stress generation by the Fenton reaction, causing organic biomolecule oxidation. This process is the basis of numerous pathologies, including cardiovascular diseases (CVD). The relationship between iron and cardiovascular disease was proposed in 1981 by Jerome Sullivan. Since then, numerous epidemiological studies have been conducted to test this hypothesis. The aim of this review is to present the main findings of the chief epidemiological studies published during the last 32 years, since Sullivan formulated his iron hypothesis, suggesting that this element might act as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. We have analyzed 55 studies, of which 27 supported the iron hypothesis, 20 found no evidence to support it and eight were contrary to the iron hypothesis. Our results suggest that there is not a high level of evidence which supports the hypothesis that the iron may be associated with CVD. Despite the large number of studies published to date, the role of iron in cardiovascular disease still generates a fair amount of debate, due to a marked disparity in results. Ασβέστιο Βιταμίνη C Φυτικές ίνες Νερό

4 Comparison of oral nutritional supplements (ONSs).
Types of nutritional supplements Oral nutritional supplements vary greatly with different amounts of energy, carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. There was little consistency between the types of supple- ments used in the studies (see Table 1). The amount of fat per 100 mL varied from 0 g to 4 g, whereas the carbohy- drate content per 100 mL varied more from 7.5 g to 22.8 g. Protein content also ranged considerably from 2.8 g to 10 g per 100 mL. Grigg, M., Arora, M., & Diwan, A. D. (2014). Role of nutritional supplementation in elderly patients with hip fractures. Journal of Orthopaedic Translation, 2(1),

5 Νέα λειτουργικά τρόφιμα
Ένα λειτουργικό τρόφιμο είναι ένα τρόφιμο που του δίδεται ένα πρόσθετο χαρακτηριστικό (συχνά ένα που σχετίζονται με την προαγωγή της υγείας ή την πρόληψη ασθενειών) προσθέτοντας νέα συστατικά σε αυτό ή περισσότερα από τα ήδη υπάρχοντα συστατικά. Θα μπορούσαμε να δημιουργήσουμε «γάλα για ηλικιωμένους» με υψηλότερη βιοδιαθεσιμότητα και ποσότητα πρωτεΐνης;

6 Διατροφή στα στάδια της ζωής

7 Δυσφαγία Lieberman AN, Horowitz L, Redmond P, Pachter L, Lieberman I, Leibowitz M. Dysphagia in Parkinson's disease. Am J Gastroenterol Aug;74(2): Perry L, Love CP. Screening for dysphagia and aspiration in acute stroke: a systematic review. Dysphagia Winter;16(1):7-18. Easterling, C and Robbins, E. Dementia and dysphagia. Geriatr Nurs. 2008;29(4): Kalia M. Dysphagia and aspiration pneumonia in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Metabolism Oct;52(10 Suppl 2):36-8. García-Peris P, Parón L, Velasco C, de la Cuerda C, Camblor M, Bretón I, Herencia H, Verdaguer J, Navarro C, Clave P. Long-term prevalence of oropharyngeal dysphagia in head and neck cancer patients: Impact on quality of life. Clin Nutr Dec;26(6):710-7.

8 Δυσφαγία – Δυσκαταπωσία – θέματα μάσησης
ΑΦΥΔΑΤΩΣΗ ΜΕΙΩΣΗ ΚΑΤΑΝΑΛΩΣΗΣ ΤΡΟΦΗΣ & ΥΓΡΩΝ ΥΠΟΘΡΕΨΙΑ ΔΥΣΦΑΓΙΑ ΕΙΣΡΟΦΗΣΗ ΑΥΞΗΜΕΝΟΣ ΚΙΝΔΥΝΟΣ ΕΙΣΡΟΦΗΣΗΣ ΑΥΞΗΜΕΝΟΣ ΚΙΝΔΥΝΟΣ ΠΝΕΥΜΟΝΙΑΣ

9 ‪Dysphagia - How to thicken liquids with Resource Thicken Up Clear‬

10 The performance project
3D printing technology The Smoothfood concept €3 million (£2.5m; $4.2m) grant - European Commission

11 3D super-smooth 'jellified' foods