AUGUSTUS 63BCE – 14CE “ Cum ex Hispania Galliaque, rebus in iis provincis prospere gestis, Romam redi, Ti. Nerone P. Quintilio consulibus, aram Pacis Augustae senatus pro reditu meo consacrandam censuit ad campum Martium, in qua magistratus et sacerdotes virginesque Vestales anniversarium sacrificium facere iussit. (Res Gestae Divi Augusti (12.2).

ARA PACIS Βωμός της ‘Ειρήνης του Αυγούστου’ Τοποθετήθηκε στο Campus Martius Ψηφίστηκε από τη Senatus να ιδρυθεί προς τιμήν του Αυγούστου για την ασφαλή επιστροφή του από την Ισπανία και τη Γαλατία Ο θεμέλιος λίθος τέθηκε την 4 η Ιουλίου 3 BCE Ολοκληρώθηκε και αφιερώθηκε από τη Senatus στον Αύγουστο διότι ο τελευταίος δημιούργησε την Pax Romana. Ημερομηνία αφιέρωσης 30 Ιανουαρίου 9 BCE Τμήμα οικοδομικού συμπλέγματος, μαζί με το Μαυσωλείο και το Ωρολόγιο

Ara Pacis Augustae Δύο είσοδοι, ανατολή και δύση- συμβολική έκταση της αυτοκρατορίας

Ara Pacis Augustae Height 6.1m East West = 10.5m Nth-Sth = 11.6m

Σχήμα 1 Mythology East side –Pax (Venus or Tellus) –Roma –Sun rises on new Roman Empire West side –Aeneas –Romulus and Remus –Sun sets on legendary hero-founders History North side –senators –priests –piety South side –imperial family –Augustus, Agrippa –family

Σχήμα 2 Exterior lower half exuberant floral motif combination of extraordinary flowers and fruits vegetation climbing the walls Apollo symbolism Interior relief –garlands of an abundance of fruits, leaves, and flowers –bucrania of sacrificed cows –imitation of rustic shrine Altar –Sacrifice –Vestal virgins

Eξωτερικό Πρότυπο: ο Βωμός των Δώδεκα Θεών στην Αγορά των Αθηνών. Ένα από τα πολλά κοινά στοιχεία στην μνημειακή πολιτική του Αυγούστου με την αρχιτεκτονική και την τέχνη της Κλασικής Αθήνας. W N S E

The lower level features: Relief sculptures in a design featuring acanthus plants (the symbols of Augustus’ reign) tied up with symbols of fertility such as flowers, birds, insects and snakes. (based on 4 th, 5 th century Greek designs) The upper level is covered in friezes (relief sculptures) of: Mythological (back): Tellus (fruits of peace) and Roma (Victory) Heroic founders of Rome (front): Aeneas (piety for traditions) and Mars with Remus/Romulus (war) Augustus’ royal family (right). Senators of Rome (left). These two processions show more Greek influence, based on the friezes on the Parthenon in Athens, subject, and drapery

Exterior upper frieze – Front left (NW) Symbolism: 1.Relates to founding of city of Rome 2.Connects Augustus to his famous ancestor 3.Connects Romans to gods (Mars)

Exterior upper frieze – Front right (SW) Symbolism: 1.Relates to founding of Roman race 2.Connects Augustus to his famous ancestor 3.Highlights Romans’ devotion to gods The two panels on the west side of the altar, seen together, allude to two dominant functions of Augustus: as imperator (leader of army=Mars) and pontifex maximus (chief priest=Aeneas).

Exterior – Back right (NE): Roma Symbolism: 1.Roma is in a peaceful pose – Augustus has brought peace 2.She still has her weapons, ready to fight The panel on the northeast side is very fragmentary. Its subject was the seated figure of Roma with arms at her feet (symbolising Rome’s disarming her enemies and bringing Augustan peace ) and accompanied by two figures who have been identified as the personifications of Honos (Honor) and Virtus (Virtue). It is significant to note the links between the two north panels on the east and west ends as focusing on military and war while the southern panels reflect more peaceful pursuits.

Exterior – Back left (SE): Goddess Tellus (mother earth) Symbolism: 1.Children, vegetation and animals symbolise fertility, peace and prosperity 2.Two women (East wind/ West wind) symbolise the elements in harmony – peace thanks to Augustus. Corinthian pilasters

Right (South) Frieze – Imperial family This Priest is recognisable due to his distinctive headdress. The Procession is dignified, shows importance and piety Agrippa, Augustus’ friend, & son-in-law is pictured in the centre, with his head covered in priestly style. Augustus also appears, but is in a poor state of repair. Augustus’ grandson, Gaius. The children are a symbol of hope for the future and fertility. Julia, Daughter of Augustus, wife of Agrippa, and mother of Gaius. Tiberius, son of Augustus’ wife Livia, succeeded him as his heirs all died prematurely. Augustus in a poor state of repair.

Left (North) Frieze: Senators Senators and officials are shown, with their wives and children. They wear and carry symbols of their authority and piety, such as wreathes, incense boxes, fasces.

Interior (altar) Small frieze of a sacrificial procession depicting Vestal virgins, animals attendants

Interior walls Symbols of sacrifice - garlands, boukrania.

Res Gestae Divi Augusti