Παράτυπη Είσοδος και Έννομες Υποχρεώσεις των Κρατών Υποδοχής Αγγελική Φανάκη Υποψήφια Διδάκτωρ Νομικής Αθηνών Τομέας Διεθνών Σπουδών ΕΚΠΑ – Νοέμβριος 2016

British-Somali poet, Warsan Shire Μέρος ΙΙΙ - Παράτυπη Είσοδος και Έννομες Υποχρεώσεις των Κρατών Υποδοχής: Η Ανταπόκριση του Ερυθρού Σταυρού για την Προσφυγική Κρίση στην Ελληνική Επικράτεια no one puts their children in a boat unless the water is safer than the land”. British-Somali poet, Warsan Shire

relief items including provision of basic food and non-food items; Παράτυπη Είσοδος και Έννομες Υποχρεώσεις των Κρατών Υποδοχής: Η Ανταπόκριση του Ερυθρού Σταυρού για την Προσφυγική Κρίση στην Ελληνική Επικράτεια: ΕΠΙΚΑΙΡΟΠΟΙΗΜΕΝΟ ΠΡΟΓΡΑΜΜΑ ΕΚΤΑΚΤΗΣ ΑΝΑΓΚΗΣ – ΔΙΕΘΝΟΥΣ ΟΜΟΣΠΟΝΔΙΑΣ ΣΥΛΛΟΓΩΝ ΕΡΥΘΡΟΥ ΣΤΑΥΡΟΥ /ΕΡΥΘΡΑΣ ΗΜΙΣΕΛΗΝΟΥ Revised Emergency Appeal seeks a total of some 28,667,500 Swiss francs, increased from 13,172,336 Swiss francs, (Sep 2015 – April 2016) to enable the IFRC to support the Hellenic Red Cross (HRC) to deliver assistance and support to some 304,000 people (249,000 “transit” phase, 55,000 “stranded” phase) until 31 March 2017, with a focus on the following sectors: relief items including provision of basic food and non-food items; basic health care including health promotion, first aid and psychosocial support; {FA & PSS} water, sanitation and hygiene, {WASH} restoring family link services, {RFL} Cash transfer program {CTP}

Παράτυπη Είσοδος και Έννομες Υποχρεώσεις των Κρατών Υποδοχής: Η Ανταπόκριση του Ερυθρού Σταυρού για την Προσφυγική Κρίση στην Ελληνική Επικράτεια: ΙΣΤΟΡΙΚΟ From April 2015 onwards: increasing numbers of people arriving to Greece (over 1,000,0000 refugees /migrants crossed Greek territory). 22 May 2015: CHF 296,549 is released from the IFRC’s Disaster Relief Emergency Fund (DREF). By August 2015: 200,000 migrants arrived in Greece by boat from Turkey. 2 September 2015: Emergency Appeal launched for CHF 3.03 million for 45,000 beneficiaries: From 26 August to September 2015: IFRC Surge Capacity deployed - Field Assessment and Coordination Team (FACT) and IFRC Emergency Response Units (ERUs). 21 October 2015: based on new assessments a Revised Emergency Appeal is launched for CHF 12.67 million for 200,000 beneficiaries. On 7 December 2015: Operations Update published with a revised budget increased to CHF 13,172,336 based on needs identified - mainly changes to IFRC staff structure for this operation and budget revisions for beneficiary communications.

Παράτυπη Είσοδος και Έννομες Υποχρεώσεις των Κρατών Υποδοχής: Η Ανταπόκριση του Ερυθρού Σταυρού για την Προσφυγική Κρίση στην Ελληνική Επικράτεια: REVISED EMERGENCY APPEAL MAY 2016 – MARCH 2017 11 May 2016 The Emergency Appeal is revised for a second time to reflect an increase in the budget to CHF 28,667,500 and a timeframe up to 31 March 2017, as a result in the changed situation of stranded migrants in Greece for an unknown amount of time.

Παράτυπη Είσοδος και Έννομες Υποχρεώσεις των Κρατών Υποδοχής: Η Ανταπόκριση του Ερυθρού Σταυρού για την Προσφυγική Κρίση στην Ελληνική Επικράτεια: Εμπόδια/Προκλήσεις The change in the nature of the operation requires that it be continually revised in all sectors to match the reality that many migrants will remain in Greece for an indefinite period. The risk here is that the crisis will be forgotten. The Greek financial crisis combined with the migrant influx is actually exacerbating xenophobia and discrimination against migrants. Overall, coordination, information sharing and contingency planning remains the main challenge among the stakeholders involved. Lack of information from the government on overall plan and/or new sites makes planning challenging. Lack of adequate interpreters fluent in Arabic and especially Farsi. After 20 March under the EU-Turkey deal, some hot spots have been turned into “administrative detention center's”. The Movement will now need to reassess and redefine its role in meeting the needs of the migrants in those detention centers.

Παράτυπη Είσοδος και Έννομες Υποχρεώσεις των Κρατών Υποδοχής: Η Ανταπόκριση του Ερυθρού Σταυρού για την Προσφυγική Κρίση στην Ελληνική Επικράτεια: Prioritization of Vulnerable Groups to Receive Assistance People arriving by boat or rescued from the sea in need of urgent assistance (food, water, RFL, information, etc.) and medical care; Migrants living in relocation camps and informal settlements People with special needs (unaccompanied minors, people living with disabilities, pregnant women, people with chronic diseases etc.) Women and children - especially unaccompanied children and women, are particularly vulnerable and can easily fall into the hands of the organized crime groups, including human traffickers, especially when undocumented. Additionally, given the economic crisis affecting Greece part of the CTP (Cash Transfer Program) program (20%) will include the host Greek population.

Παράτυπη Είσοδος και Έννομες Υποχρεώσεις των Κρατών Υποδοχής: Η Ανταπόκριση του Ερυθρού Σταυρού για την Προσφυγική Κρίση στην Ελληνική Επικράτεια: Overall Objective of Operation The immediate needs of the most vulnerable migrants in Samos, Chios, Kos, Lesvos, Athens (Piraeus, Ritsona, Eleonas, Schisto, Skaramagas), Northern Greece (Nea Kavala, Cherso, Oreokastro, Idomeni and Diavata) are provided with food and non-food items, health and care, water and sanitation and hygiene promotion, restoring family links (RFL) and communication engagement and accountability services (including a cash transfer program). Since this revised Emergency Plan of Action timeframe has been extended up to March 2017, this plan of action will include winterization items to be prepositioned for coming winter’s needs.

Παράτυπη Είσοδος και Έννομες Υποχρεώσεις των Κρατών Υποδοχής: Η Ανταπόκριση του Ερυθρού Σταυρού για την Προσφυγική Κρίση στην Ελληνική Επικράτεια: E.U /RC National Societies: Legal Approaches/Recommendations Respect and protect the rights of migrants – whatever their legal status: EU Red Cross Societies are concerned about the wellbeing of migrants who may lack access to basic services or to health, social and legal systems. Migrants should receive humane and fair treatment. Their dignity, human rights, safety and wellbeing must be protected – wherever they may be. Support migration policies guided by the principle of humanity and respect for dignity. Set up legal channels for asylum seekers to access international protection: Many people who flee persecution, violence and human rights violations find it increasingly difficult – if not impossible – to reach safety in another country. Measures to prevent the irregular entry of migrants have resulted in endangering their safety and security and affected their ability to seek inter- national protection in the EU. EU Red Cross Societies therefore call on governments to set up safe and effective legal avenues to grant protection to those in need as a matter of urgency.

Παράτυπη Είσοδος και Έννομες Υποχρεώσεις των Κρατών Υποδοχής: Η Ανταπόκριση του Ερυθρού Σταυρού για την Προσφυγική Κρίση στην Ελληνική Επικράτεια: E.U /RC National Societies: Legal Approaches/Recommendations Share responsibility in applying a Common European Asylum System: High priority must be given to meeting the basic needs of refugees and asylum seekers. Every person in need of international protection in the EU should have access to fair, transparent, ac- countable and high-quality asylum procedures and reception facilities. Make detention of migrants a ‘last resort’ measure: EU Red Cross Societies believe that detention of migrants increases the vulnerability of people who are already in a vulnerable situation(3). Detention should be a measure of ‘last resort’ only, used for a minimal period of time, under conditions monitored regularly by independent actors. Detention of asylum seekers should be avoided and particularly vulnerable people should never be detained.

3. Support access to information about the rights of all migrants. Παράτυπη Είσοδος και Έννομες Υποχρεώσεις των Κρατών Υποδοχής: Η Ανταπόκριση του Ερυθρού Σταυρού για την Προσφυγική Κρίση στην Ελληνική Επικράτεια: E.U /RC National Societies: Legal Approaches/Recommendations RC National Red Cross Societies in the EU make the following recommendations to the EU and its Member States: 1. Implement an effective framework for safe and legal migration to the EU so as to reduce irregular migration. 2. Ensure access to humanitarian assistance for all migrants, irrespective of their legal status. 3. Support access to information about the rights of all migrants. 4. Apply the ‘firewall principle’ to ensure clear separation between immigration authorities, and other law enforcement authorities and public services. 5. Guarantee effective access to justice for migrants in an irregular situation.

6. Facilitate migrants’ access to a secure and dignified status. Παράτυπη Είσοδος και Έννομες Υποχρεώσεις των Κρατών Υποδοχής: Η Ανταπόκριση του Ερυθρού Σταυρού για την Προσφυγική Κρίση στην Ελληνική Επικράτεια: E.U /RC National Societies: Legal Approaches/Recommendations 4. Apply the ‘firewall principle’ to ensure clear separation between immigration authorities, and other law enforcement authorities and public services. 5. Guarantee effective access to justice for migrants in an irregular situation. 6. Facilitate migrants’ access to a secure and dignified status. 7. Abstain from detaining migrant children and make the detention of adult migrants a measure of last resort. 8. Make sure that return procedures comply with fundamental rights.

ΠΗΓΕΣ 21 http://www.ifrc.org/en/what-we-do/where-we-work/europe/hellenic-red-cross/ Tag: 11 May 2016 Greece - Population Movement (MDRGR001) Greece - Emergency Appeal Revision no. 2 http://www.redcross.eu/en/upload/documents/pdf/2016/migration/RCEU_PP_Migrats%20in%20an%20irregular%20situation_July2016_interactive.pdf http://www.redcross.eu/en/upload/documents/pdf/2014/Asylum_Migration/RCEU_2014_Recommendations_Migration_Asylum_depliant.pdf

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