Sean Tran – Why water matters Plutarch Sean Tran – Why water matters

Life Born in Khairōneia, greece 46 ce Studied under ammōnius annius Public offices around greece Served roman emperors Priesthood in delphi Died between 119-127 ce

Writings Approximately 227 known works Parallel Lives – Biographies Moralia - ethics AND VIRTUE

Aquane an ignis sit utilior Καὶ τί μικρολογοῦμαι τὴν τῶν ἀνθρώπων ἐπερχόμενος φύσιν; πολλῶν γὰρ ὄντων, μᾶλλον δ᾿ Cἀπείρων γενῶν, τὸ τῶν ἀνθρώπων σχεδὸν μόνον οἶδε πυρὸς χρῆσιν, τὰ δὲ λοιπὰ ἀπύροις χρῆται διαίταις καὶ τροφαῖς, καὶ βίος αὐτοῖς νεμομένοις, ἱπταμένοις, ἕρπουσιν, ἀπὸ ῥιζῶν καὶ καρπῶν καὶ σαρκῶν ἄνευ πυρός· ὕδατος δὲ χωρὶς οὐκ ἔναλον οὐδὲν οὐδὲ χερσαῖον οὐδ᾿ αἰθέριον· καὶ γὰρ τὰ σαρκοβόρα τῶν ζῴων, ὧν ἔνιά φησι μὴ πίνειν Ἀριστοτέλης, τῷ γ᾿ ἐντὸς ὑγρῷ χρώμενα διαζῇ. τοῦτ᾿ οὖν χρησιμώτερον, οὗ μηδεμία ζωῆς φύσις ἄνευ ἵσταται καὶ διαμένει.

Aquane an ignis sit utilior “And why do I split hairs by discussing merely human nature? For though there are many, or rather countless, sorts of creatures, man is practically the only one that knows the use of fire, while all the others live and feed without it: they subsist, whether they range abroad or fly or crawl, upon roots or produce or flesh, all without fire; but without water no creature of the sea or land or air ever existed. For even flesh-eating animals, some of which Aristotle says do not drink, nevertheless keep alive by using the fluids in the flesh. That element, therefore, without which no living nature can subsist or endure is the more useful.”

LIFE OF POMPEY “ἅμα δὲ ἡμέρᾳ προελθὼν ἔθυσε· καὶ γενομένης ἐκκλησίας αὐτῷ, διεπράξατο προσλαβεῖν ἕτερα πολλὰ τοῖς ἐψηφισμένοις ἤδη, 2μικροῦ διπλασιάσας τὴν παρασκευήν. πεντακόσιαι μὲν γὰρ αὐτῷ νῆες ἐπληρώθησαν, ὁπλιτῶν δὲ μυριάδες δώδεκα καὶ πεντακισχίλιοι ἱππεῖς ἠθροίσθησαν. ἡγεμονικοὶ δὲ καὶ στρατηγικοὶ κατελέγησαν ἀπὸ βουλῆς ἄνδρες εἰκοσιτέσσαρες ὑπ᾿ αὐτοῦ, δύο δὲ ταμίαι παρῆσαν. αἱ δὲ τιμαὶ τῶν ὠνίων εὐθὺς πεσοῦσαι λόγον ἡδομένῳ τῷ δήμῳ παρεῖχον, ὡς αὐτὸ τοὔνομα τοῦ Πομπηΐου λέλυκε τὸν πόλεμον. Οὐ μὴν ἀλλὰ διελὼν τὰ πελάγη καὶ τὸ διάστημα τῆς ἐντὸς θαλάσσης εἰς μέρη τρισκαίδεκα, καὶ νεῶν ἀριθμὸν ἐφ᾿ ἑκάστῳ καὶ ἄρχοντα τάξας, ἅμα πανταχοῦ τῇ δυνάμει σκεδασθείσῃ τὰ μὲν ἐμπίπτοντα τῶν πειρατικῶν ἀθρόα περιλαμβάνων εὐθὺς ἐξεθηρᾶτο καὶ κατῆγεν· οἱ δὲ φθάσαντες διαλυθῆναι καὶ διεκπεσόντες ὥσπερ εἰς σμῆνος ἐδύοντο πανταχόθεν καταφερόμενοι τὴν Κιλικίαν, ἐφ᾿ οὓς αὐτὸς ἐστέλλετο ναῦς ἔχων ἑξήκοντα τὰς 4ἀρίστας.” (lIVES, POMPEY, XXVI.1-3)

Life of pompey “On hearing, however, that the law had been passed, he entered the city by night, feeling that he was sure to awaken envy if the people thronged to meet him. But when day came, he appeared in public and offered sacrifice, and at an assembly held for him he managed to get many other things besides those already voted, and almost doubled his armament. For five hundred ships were manned for him, and a hundred and twenty thousand men-at-arms and five thousand horsemen were raised. Twenty-four men who had held command or served as praetors were chosen from the senate by him, and he had two quaestors. And since the prices of provisions immediately fell, the people were moved to say in their joy that the very name of Pompey had put an end to the war. However, he divided the waters and the adjacent coasts1 of the Mediterranean Sea into thirteen districts, and assigned to each a certain number of ships with a commander, and with his forces thus scattered in all quarters he encompassed whole fleets of piratical ships that fell in his way, and straightway hunted them down and brought them into port…”

activity Using your knowledge on Plutarch's style of biography through comparing notable figures in greek/roman history in his works parallel lives, work in groups of 4 to compare the two notable figures below. Be prepared to share your findings with the class. Keep the following questions in mind: (1) How would Plutarch justify this pairing? (2) is this methodology of biography/pairing, and why?

WORKS CITED bIOGRAPHY.COM. ‘Plutarch. Web. Accessed 07 October 2017. https://www.biography.com/people/plutarch -21338531 Cartwright, Mark. "Plutarch." Ancient History Encyclopedia. Ancient History Encyclopedia, 25 Feb 2016. Web. 07 Oct 2017. Keyser, Paul T and GL Irby. 2008. Encyclopedia of Ancient Natural Scientists: The Greek Tradition and Its Many Heirs. Routledge. plUTARCH.. “LIVES, POMPEY.” pAGE 180-183. lOEB CLASSICAL LIBRARY. ACCESSED 08 OCTOBER 2017. DOI: 10.4159/DLCL.plutarch-lives_pompey.1917 plUTARCH.. “mORALIA, wHETHER WATER OR FIRE IS MORE USEFUL.” pAGE 294-295. lOEB CLASSICAL LIBRARY. ACCESSED 08 OCTOBER 2017. DOI: 10.4159/DLCL.plutarch-whether_fire_water_is_more_useful.1957 Walbank, W. F. “pLUTARCH.” eNCYCLOPEDIA BRITANNICA. ACCESSED 07 OCTOBER 2017. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Plutarch ‘ALEXANDER THE GREAT.’ https://i.pinimg.com/736x/62/54/e1/6254e1402b6be915080edd14f7c71feb--photo-credit-in-style.jpg ‘Georgia l. irby.’ http://www.wm.edu/news/images/2017/content/irby_content.jpg ‘juLIUS CAESAR.’ http://totallyhistory.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/03/Julius-Caesar.jpg ‘Map of ancient greece.’ http://www.bitsofnews.com/images/graphics/map_ancient_greece_large.jpeg ‘plUTARCH BUST.’ http://www.livius.org/site/assets/files/5842/plutarch_delphi_mus3.265x0-is-pid5862.jpg ‘William shakespeare.’ https://media1.britannica.com/eb-media/37/75437-004-EFD403D1.jpg