Ancient Greek for Everyone: A New Digital Resource for Beginning Greek Unit 3 part 2: Feminine Nouns 2015 edition Wilfred E. Major

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1 Ancient Greek for Everyone: A New Digital Resource for Beginning Greek Unit 3 part 2: Feminine Nouns 2015 edition Wilfred E. Major wmajor@lsu.edu

2 Ancient Greek for Everyone AGE Unit 3 part 2: Feminine Nouns You have learned the basics of Greek verbs and masculine nouns. Next we add feminine nouns.

3 Ancient Greek for Everyone A NOUN indicates a person, place or thing. A Greek noun, however, normally communicates THREE pieces of information: – Gender – Number – Case

4 Ancient Greek for Everyone Building a Greek Noun All the nouns in the first part of this unit were masculine in gender. This part of the unit adds nouns that are feminine in gender. Feminine nouns use the same endings as masculine nouns, so review the endings for nouns.

5 Ancient Greek for Everyone Singular Nominative –ς Genitive –ος Dative –ι Accusative –α Plural Nominative –ες Genitive –ων Dative –σι Accusative –ας Building a Greek Noun Third Declension Endings

6 Ancient Greek for Everyone Building a Greek Noun To begin building a Greek noun, start with the “stem.” The stem indicates to what person, place or thing the noun refers: ἐλπιδ = “hope” νυκτ = “night” παιδ = “child” δαιμον = “divinity”

7 Ancient Greek for Everyone Building a Greek Noun All the nouns in this part are feminine in gender. We begin with nouns whose stem ends in a dental (- τ /- δ /- θ /- ν ). Notice that two of the noun endings involve adding a sigma to the stem: Nom. sing. = - ς, Dat. plu. = - σι. Recall that when a sigma follows a dental, the dental disappears and the sigma remains: δ + σ = σ. ἐλπιδ = “hope”

8 Ancient Greek for Everyone Singular Nom. (ἐλπιδς  ) ἐλπίς Gen. ἐλπίδος Dat. ἐλπίδι Acc. ἐλπίδα Plural Nom. ἐλπίδες Gen. ἐλπίδων Dat. (ἐλπιδσι  ) ἐλπίσι Acc. ἐλπίδας Building a Greek Noun declension of ἐλπίς, ἐλπίδος ἡ hope

9 Ancient Greek for Everyone Building a Greek Noun All the nouns in this part are feminine in gender. We begin with nouns whose stem ends in a dental (- τ /- δ /- θ /- ν ). Notice that two of the noun endings involve adding a sigma to the stem: Nom. sing. = - ς, Dat. plu. = - σι. Recall that when a sigma follows a dental, the dental disappears and the sigma remains: τ + σ = σ. Also recall that when a sigma follows a palatal ( κ /- γ /- χ ), the letter ξ represents the combination: κ + σ = ξ. νυκτ = “night”

10 Ancient Greek for Everyone Singular Nom. (νυκτς  ) νύξ Gen. νυκτός Dat. νυκτί Acc. νύκτα Plural Nom. νύκτες Gen. νυκτῶν Dat. (νυκτσι  ) νυξί Acc. νύκτας Building a Greek Noun νύξ, νυκτός ἡ night

11 Ancient Greek for Everyone VOCABULARY: Since the nominative singular displays variations in response to the sigma, nouns are listed in three parts: – The nominative singular: so you always see exactly how this form appears. – The genitive singular: so you can see the stem (everything before the ending - ος ) – The gender: the word ἡ indicates that these nouns are feminine.

12 Ancient Greek for Everyone Examples of Vocabulary entries δαίμων, δαίμονος ὁ, ἡ divinity ἐλπίς, ἐλπίδος ἡ hope νύξ, νυκτός ἡ night παῖς, παιδός ὁ, ἡ child

13 Ancient Greek for Everyone Building a Greek Noun The word ἡ indicates the noun is feminine in gender. This is the feminine form of the definite article in Greek. Recall that the definite article in Greek must match its noun in gender, number and case. The first part of the unit presented the masculine forms of the definite article. This part presents the feminine form of the definite article. Within the feminine gender, it still needs eight forms to cover the two numbers (singular and plural) and four cases (nominative, genitive, dative, accusative).

14 Ancient Greek for Everyone Singular Nom. ἡ Gen. τῆς Dat. τῇ Acc. τήν Plural Nom. αἱ Gen. τῶν Dat. ταῖς Acc. τάς Building a Greek Noun The feminine definite article

15 Ancient Greek for Everyone Singular Nom. ἡ παῖς Gen. τῆς παιδός Dat. τῇ παιδί Acc. τὴν παῖδα Plural Nom. αἱ παῖδες Gen. τῶν παίδων Dat. ταῖς παισί Acc. τὰς παῖδας Building a Greek Noun Declension + article of παῖς, παιδός ἡ child

16 Ancient Greek for Everyone Singular Nom. ἡ δαίμων Gen. τῆς δαίμονος Dat. τῇ δαίμονι Acc. τὴν δαίμονα Plural Nom. αἱ δαίμονες Gen. τῶν δαιμόνων Dat. ταῖς δαίμοσι Acc. τὰς δαίμονας Building a Greek Noun declension + article of δαίμων -ονος ἡ divinity

17 Ancient Greek for Everyone Singular Nom. ἡ ἐλπίς Gen. τῆς ἐλπίδος Dat. τῇ ἐλπίδι Acc. τὴν ἐλπίδα Plural Nom. αἱ ἐλπίδες Gen. τῶν ἐλπίδων Dat. ταῖς ἐλπίσι Acc. τὰς ἐλπίδας Building a Greek Noun declension of ἐλπίς, ἐλπίδος ἡ hope

18 Ancient Greek for Everyone Singular Nom. ἡ νύξ Gen. τῆς νυκτός Dat. τῇ νυκτί Acc. τὴν νύκτα Plural Nom. αἱ νύκτες Gen. τῶν νυκτῶν Dat. ταῖς νυξί Acc. τὰς νύκτας Building a Greek Noun νύξ, νυκτός ἡ night

19 Ancient Greek for Everyone Unit 3 part 2 Vocabulary: DCC Classical δαίμων -ονος ὁ, ἡ divinity ἐλπίς -δος ἡ hope μυριάς -άδος ἡ ten thousand (= a countless amount) νύξ, νυκτός ἡ night παῖς, παιδός ὁ, ἡ child πατρίς -ίδος ἡ fatherland

20 Ancient Greek for Everyone Unit 3 part 2 Vocabulary: NT (New Testament) ἐλπίς -δος ἡ hope νύξ, νυκτός ἡ night

21 Ancient Greek for Everyone Unit 3 part 2 Vocabulary: Core ἐλπίς -δος ἡ hope νύξ, νυκτός ἡ night

22 Ancient Greek for Everyone Next – Neuter nouns.