Emission Inventory in Cyprus Dr Chrysanthos Savvides

Emissions Inventory in Cyprus “Development of an emission inventory including formation of a database for atmospheric pollutant emissions and a software for simulation and forecast of air quality in Cyprus” Objectives: Collection of activity data from all emission-generating sources Development of an emissions database based on the methodology of the EMEP/EEA Emission Inventory Guidebook Development of a GIS application for the presentation of activity data and emissions on digital maps Development of a web-based application for the evaluation and management of air quality

Data Sources Annual reports (Condition under the Air Emission Permit) National data offices (e.g. Statistical Service) and Government Departments Questionnaires sent to industries Measurements conducted external team road traffic counts PM concentrations at quarries Older data from similar measurements available Other research projects, literature

Road traffic data More than 80 24-hour measurements of traffic load, traffic composition and average speed at urban, rural and highway roads were carried out. Measurements conducted at various days of the week, covering both weekdays and weekends and also winter and summer conditions. Older data from traffic measurements were also used (2006 and 2007 traffic census) conducted by the Public Works Department.

Road traffic measurements

Road traffic measurements

PM measurements at quarries PM measurements (TSP and PM10) conducted at 7 quarries For each quarry, 35 24-hour measurements were conducted by means of 4 High Volume Samplers Meteorological data and quarry activity also recorded Data used for producing emission factors

Software for EI Input all necessary data (emission factors and activity data) Emission estimation per source View all data in several forms or reports Execute the emission inventory Save all these data in a simple database

Software Flowchart

GIS application Application based on open-source code Presentation of data on digital maps Dynamic content, map creation on user demand Linked to Air Quality Management System

Total annual PM10 emissions Total annual NOx emissions Emissions from all sources Distribution as point, linear and area sources 1 x 1 km resolution

Spatial and Temporal Resolution of Emissions Wednesday 4/1/2008, 08:00 – 09:00 Wednesday 4/1/2008, 22:00 – 23:00 Wednesday 5/7/2008, 08:00 – 09:00 Wednesday 5/7/2008, 22:00 – 23:00

NEC Pollutants Emission Inventory 1990 – 2008 Graphs

National Emission Ceiling SO2 Emissions in kt National Emission Ceiling

SO2 Emissions in 2008

National Emission Ceiling NOx Emissions in kt National Emission Ceiling

NOx Emissions in 2008

National Emission Ceiling VOC Emissions in kt National Emission Ceiling

VOC Emissions in 2008

National Emission Ceiling NH3 Emissions in kt National Emission Ceiling

NH3 Emissions in 2008

Main Emission Sources (2008) SOx NOx CO VOC NH3 PM10 Electricity Production 94.6 % 32.3 % 1.1 % 1.0 % 0 % 14.4 % Industrial Combustion 3.8 % 15.4 % 15.6 % 1.9 % 5.6 % International Aviation 0.3 % 4.0 % 2.7 % 0.9 % 0.2 % Road Transport 45.1 % 76.6 % 25.9 % 6.7 % 17.4 % Cement Production 42.9 % Fuel Storage & Distribution 8.6 % Mining & Construction 8.9 % Solvent Use 39.8 % Manure management 20.6 % 82.8%

Conclusions The main contributors to air pollution in Cyprus is electricity production, cement production and road transport. Continuous emission reduction from road transport sector due to the technological improvement and the fleet renewal. Emission reduction in electricity production due to the import and use of LNG as the main fuel from 2014. Merging of the two cement industries by the end of 2010 with new and environmental friendly cement production technology. With out any additional measures, continuous increasing of emission until 2013 (LNG as a main fuel in power sector).