Class IV – Third Declension nouns © Dr. Esa Autero

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Class IV – Third Declension nouns © Dr. Esa Autero GRE 4220 Beginning Greek I Class IV – Third Declension nouns © Dr. Esa Autero

Third Declension Nouns 1.1 Introduction – 3rd declension First and second declension I-declension: Stems end in alpha or eta ἡ γραφή II-declension: stems end in omicron ὁ ἀπόστολο - ς  NOTE: Declension does not affect meaning

Third Declension Nouns Nouns that end in a consonant – 3rd declension pattern σαρκ + ων  σαρκῶν (pl. fem. gen.) – no problems σαρκ + ς > σαρκς  σάρξ (sg. fem. nom.) Two main differences with 3rd declension: 1.) Contractions – consonants react to case endings 2. ) Different case endings from 1st – and 2nd declensions

Third Declension Nouns Case Feminine - 3 Masculine -1 Feminine -1 Nom. Sg. σαρκς > σάρξ λόγος γραφή Gen. Sg. σαρκος > σαρκός λόγου γραφῆς Dat. Sg. σαρκι > σαρκί λόγῳ γραφῃ Acc. Sg. σαρκα > σάρκα λόγον γραφήν Nom. Pl. σαρκες > σάρκες λόγοι γραφαί Gen. Pl. σαρκων > σαρκῶν λόγων γραφῶν Dat. Pl. σαρκσι (ν) > σαρξί(ν) λόγοις γραφαῖς Acc. Pl. σαρκας > σάρκας λόγους γραφάς

Third Declension Nouns Case κ-stem – σαρκ- ματ stem -- ονοματ- ν stem – τιν - Nom. Sg. σάρξ ὄνομα τίς Gen. Sg. σαρκός ὀνόματος τίνος Dat. Sg. σαρκί ὀνόματί τίνι Acc. Sg. σάρκα τίνα Nom. Pl. σάρκες ὀνόματα τίνες Gen. Pl. σαρκῶν ὀνοματῶν τίνων Dat. Pl. σαρξί(ν) ονόμασί(ν) τίσι(ν) Acc. Pl. σάρκας τίνας

Third Declension Nouns Case Masc. & Fem. Neut. Nom. Sg. τίς τί τις τι Gen. Sg. τίνος τινός Dat. Sg. τίνι τινί Acc. Sg. τίνα τινά Nom. Pl. τίνες τινές Gen. Pl. τίνων τινῶν Dat. Pl. τίσι(ν) τισί(ν) Acc. Pl. τίνας τινάς Τίς is the interrogative pronoun (e.g. “who?”)  accent on the 1st syllable τις (no accent) is the indefinite pronoun (anyone)  no accent or accent on 2nd syllable

Third Declension Nouns Case 1st & 2nd Decl. 3rd Masc. Fem. Neut. Masc./fem. Nom. Sg. -ος -α , -η -ον -ς , -- -- Gen. Sg. -ου -ας , -ης Dat. Sg. -ῳ -ᾳ , -ῃ -ι Acc. Sg. -αν , -ην -α , -ν Nom. Pl. -οι -αι -α -ες Gen. Pl. -ων Dat. Pl. -οις -αις -σι(ν) Acc. Pl. -ους -ας

Third Declension Nouns 1.2 Learning 3rd declension Remember the gender of every word Look at the article – article always stays the same. ὁ οἶκος τῇς σαρκός The house of the flesh (gen.sg.)  The house of the flesh

Third Declension Nouns τας σάρκας βλέπουσι οἱ ἀπόστολοι the flesh (pl.acc.) they see the apostles  The apostles see the flesh

Third Declension Nouns 1.3 Square of Stops – for 3rd declension nouns A stop is a consonant whose sound is formed by slowing down or completely stopping the flow of air through the mouth. Labials: π, β, φ -use lips to impede the airflow Palatal/velar: κ, γ, χ - push up the tongue against the ‘palate’ Dental: τ, δ, θ - click the tongue against the back of teeth

Third Declension Nouns Square of stops & 3rd declension: Whatever happens to one stem ending in dental happens to all Square of stops Labials π β φ Velar κ γ χ Dental τ δ θ

Third Declension Nouns σκολοπ + σ  σκόλοψ (thorn, splinter) σαρκ + σι  σαρξί ὀνοματ + σι  ὀνόμασι Stop + a “σ” Labials + σ  ψ Velar + σ  ξ Dental + σ  σ

Third Declension Nouns Case 3- Masc. 1- Fem. 3- Neut. Nom. Sg. πᾶς πᾶσα πᾶν Gen. Sg. παντός πάσης Dat. Sg. παντί πάσῃ Acc. Sg. πάντα πᾶσαν Nom. Pl. πάντες πᾶσαι Gen. Pl. πάντων πασῶν Dat. Pl. πᾶσι(ν) πάσαις Acc. Pl. πάντας πάσας