Valves Garima Awasthi Amity Institute of Biotechnology Amity University Lucknow.

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1 Valves Garima Awasthi Amity Institute of Biotechnology Amity University Lucknow

2 Valves Def’n: devices which control the amount and direction of fluid flow in piping systems  Typically made of bronze, brass, iron, or steel alloy Components: - Valve body- Packing - Disc- Packing gland/nut - Valve body- Packing - Disc- Packing gland/nut - Seat- Stem - Bonnet- Wheel

3 Types of Valves  Two basic groups:  Stop valves - used to shut off or partially shut off the flow of fluid ( ex: globe, gate, plug, needle, butterfly)  Check Valves - used to permit flow in only one direction (ex: ball-check, swing-check, lift-check)  Special types:  Relief valves  Pressure-reducing valves  Remote-operated valves

4 Gate valves  Gate valves are so-named because the part that either stops or allow flow through the valve acts somewhat like a gate. through the valve acts somewhat like a gate.  The gate is usually wedge-shaped.  Gate valves are used when a straight-line flow of fluid and minimum flow restriction are needed  Gate valves are classified as either  Rising-stem or  Non rising-stem valves.

5 Gate valve Non-Rising stem Non-Rising stemRising stem

6 Material  Temperature ranges of minus 300°F to 1800°F, pressures of from a few ounces of gas to thousands of pounds per square inch.  Temperature ranges of minus 300°F to 1800°F, pressures of from a few ounces of gas to thousands of pounds per square inch.  Brass and bronze, several grades of gray iron, the newer ductile iron and the whole gamut of steel types, together with numerous special alloys for corrosion services and plastics  Size: ½” to 48” larger are replaced by butterfly valves.

7 Application  The main function: isolation or blocking  For general chemical process  Unsuitable for sterile purpose  Are very heavy  NEVER USE FOR THROTLLING

8 Globe valve  Globular in shape  Most common form of valve used.  The moving parts of a globe valve cons ist of the disk, the valve stem, and the hand wheel.  Fluid flows equally on all sides of the center of support when the valve is open, ther e is no unbalanced pressure on the disk to cause uneven wear.

9 Material  Bronze; CI; CS; SS; alloy steel; plastics(PVC and PP)  Size: generally 1/8” to 10”  Can be connected through welding, soldered, flanged.

10 Application  Used to control fluid flow  Needle type for precise control of flow  Used for operations that require frequent operation allowing the fluid flow to be fully open or fully closed.  Unsuitable for sterile condition  Tight shutoff requirements

11 Butterfly valve  Typically used to control flow of fluid through a pipe  Valves comprise of a central pivoting part, (or parts) pivoting at an angle.  Available in several different types: flange flange Lug type Lug type  PVC butterfly valves are lightweight, completely corrosion, impact, and UV resistant, and offer extreme durability; PVC valves are made through liquid chemical reactions

12 Material  CI; Duriron®, CS; SS; alloys; plastic-lined; solid plastics; buna N; butyl; neoprene; Hypalon® ; natural rubber  Wafer; lugged; flanged  Size: 2”- 144”

13 Application Are very light weight valvesAre very light weight valves These valves can be used effectively in freshwater, saltwater, JP-5, F-76 (naval distillate), lube oil, and chill water systems aboard shipThese valves can be used effectively in freshwater, saltwater, JP-5, F-76 (naval distillate), lube oil, and chill water systems aboard ship The butterfly valve is light in weight, relatively small, relatively quick-acting, provides positive shut-off, and can be used for throttling.The butterfly valve is light in weight, relatively small, relatively quick-acting, provides positive shut-off, and can be used for throttling. Are easy to maintain.Are easy to maintain.

14 Ball valve  Are stop valves that use a ball to stop or start the flow of fluid. The ball performs the same function as the disk in the globe valve.  Directional flow control  Are flow valves that are quarter-turn and straight through devices.  Very cost effective and they also have a long service life  Many different Ball valves are available, for example two-piece, three-piece and flanged

15 Material  Ball valves can be made from various materials including brass, bronze, cast iron, steel, copper ductile iron, metal alloys, stainless steel, and even certain types of plastics.  Ball valves can be made from various materials including brass, bronze, cast iron, steel, copper ductile iron, metal alloys, stainless steel, and even certain types of plastics.  Size: ¼” – 24”

16 Application  Quarter turn gives good shutoff  Economical and small  Have low torque  Sterile filter and steams may be given for biotechnological work.  Ball valves are normally found in the following systems aboard ship: seawater, sanitary, trim and drain, air, hydraulic, and oil transfer.

17 Diaphragm Valve  Diaphragm valves are, in effect, simple "pinch clamp" valves.  Diaphragm valves can also be used for throttling service.  use metal or plastic diaphragm set to control the flow of fluid.

18 Material  Bronze; CI; CS; SS; alloys (Hastelloy®, Monel® etc) : lining material: glass; PVDF; PVC; PP; Hylar®  Diaphragm material: gum rubber; buna N; butyl; neoprene; TFE; silicon;  Size: ½”- 20” (open) (throttle) (closed) (open) (throttle) (closed)

19 Application  Blocking and throttling  Used in various fields such as biotechnology, food processing, pharmaceutical and medical that require systems that are clean and sterile While at the same time having a longer life cycle and operating pressure.  Prevent stem leakage

20 Plug valve Plug valve  Plug valves are valves with cylindrical or conically-tapered "plugs" which can be rotated inside the valve body to control flow through the valve.  Plug valves usually do not have bonnets.  The simplest and most common general type of plug valve is a 2-port valve (ON and OFF)  Stopcocks used in laboratory glassware are typically forms of conically-tapered plug valves.

21 Plug valve Plug valve

22 Material  CI; CS; SS; plastic lined  May be lubricated or non lubricated  Size: ½” – 24”

23 Application  Used for blocking  Directional flow control  Provides good shutoff  Suitable for used in steam lines

24 Needle valve  Similar in design and operation to the globe valve, instead of a disk, a needle valve has a long tapered point at the end of the valve stem.  Long taper of the valve element permits a much smaller seating surface area than that of the globe valve; therefore, the needle valve is more suitable as a throttle valve.

25 Material  Size ¼”- 1*1/2”  Mainly 316 SS but on demand manufacture can provide other materials too ;

26 Application  Needle Valve allows precise regulation of flow for relatively slow flow rates.  Needle valves are used in flow metering applications like carburetors when there is an idle fuel flow.  Fluid power systems

27 Check valve  Check valves are used in fluid system s to permit flow in one direction and to prevent flow in the other direction.  They are classified as one way directional control valves  Also know as NON RETURNABLE VALVES(NRVs)  Work automatically

28 Material  Bronze; CI; CS;SS; alloys; plastics (PVC, PP);  Size: ¼”- 48” (sizes over 24”-36” are made on special order)

29 Application Check valves are used in water purification plants, chemical process plants and petrochemical industries among some uses. Check valves are used in water purification plants, chemical process plants and petrochemical industries among some uses. Used with some types of pumps. Piston-driven and diaphragm pumps such as metering pumps and pumps for chromatography commonly use inlet and outlet ball check valvesUsed with some types of pumps. Piston-driven and diaphragm pumps such as metering pumps and pumps for chromatography commonly use inlet and outlet ball check valves In many fluid systems such as those in chemical and power plantsIn many fluid systems such as those in chemical and power plants Used when multiple gases are mixed into one gas streamUsed when multiple gases are mixed into one gas stream Irrigation sprinklers and drip irrigation emitters have small check valvesIrrigation sprinklers and drip irrigation emitters have small check valves

30 Pressure control valves To ensure proper and safe functioning these are used.To ensure proper and safe functioning these are used. Release pressure from vessels, pipes etc.Release pressure from vessels, pipes etc. Some just release the pressure while some can maintain the pressure in desired limit.Some just release the pressure while some can maintain the pressure in desired limit. Most of them are relief valves: which lift a nozzle and pressure is released.Most of them are relief valves: which lift a nozzle and pressure is released. Main system relief valves are generall y installed between the pump or pressure source and the first system isolation valve.Main system relief valves are generall y installed between the pump or pressure source and the first system isolation valve.

31 Material  Alloys; bronze CI; SS; CS

32 Application  These valves are used in systems which contain a variety of hydraulic, pneumatic and cryogenic systems to provide protection from overpressure in steam, gas, air and liquid lines.

33 Oxygen Safety Valve ND250-Safety Valves  Safety Valves

34 References http://www.novabizz.com/Valve/Manual_Gate_Valves.htm http://www.novabizz.com/Valve/Manual_Gate_Valves.htm http://www.valves.me/a2.php?a=64/Types-of-Valves http://juhuj.com/open-file-ppt-convert-ppt-download- valves+types.htm http://juhuj.com/open-file-ppt-convert-ppt-download- valves+types.htm Bioprocess Engineering: Systems, Equipment and Facilities( John Wiley & Sons, INC) www.tpub.com www.explainthatstuff.com GM engineering website